中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法(附英文)

【时 效 性】 有效 【颁布日期】 1990-04-04
【颁布单位】 全国人民代表大会 【实施日期】 1997-07-01
【法规层次】 法律及有关法律问题的决定 【文  号】 主席令〔1990〕26号
【首选类别】 国家基本法规 【次选类别】
【其它类别】 【其它类别】
【关 键 字】 中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法

(题注:199044日第七届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过)

中华人民共和国主席令

26

    《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》,包括附件一:《香港特别行政区行政长官的产生办法》,附件二:《香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序》,附件三:《在香港特别行政区实施的全国性法律》,以及香港特别行政区区旗、区徽图案,已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会第三次会议于199044日通过,现予公布,自199071日起实施。

                                                中华人民共和国主席  杨尚昆

                                                    199044

目录

    序言

    第一章 总则

    第二章 中央和香港特别行政区的关系

    第三章 居民的基本权利和义务

    第四章 政治体制

          第一节 行政长官

          第二节 行政机关

          第三节 立法机关

          第四节 司法机关

          第五节 区域组织

          第六节 公务人员

    第五章 经济

          第一节 财政、金融、贸易和工商业

          第二节 土地契约

          第三节 航运

          第四节 民用航空

    第六章 教育、科学、文化、体育、宗教、劳工和社会服务

    第七章 对外事务

    第八章 本法的解释和修改

    第九章 附则

    附件一:香港特别行政区行政长官的产生办法

    附件二:香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序

    附件三:在香港特别行政区实施的全国性法律

序言

    香港自古以来就是中国的领土,一八四零年鸦片战争以后被英国占领。一九八四年十二月十九日,中英两国政府签署了关于香港问题的联合声明,确认中华人民共和国政府于一九九七年七月一日恢复对香港行使主权,从而实现了长期以来中国人民收回香港的共同愿望。

    为了维护国家的统一和领土完整,保持香港的繁荣和稳定,并考虑到香港的历史和现实情况,国家决定,在对香港恢复行使主权时,根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条的规定,设立香港特别行政区,并按照“一个国家,两种制度”的方针,不在香港实行社会主义的制度和政策。国家对香港的基本方针政策,已由中国政府在中英联合声明中予以阐明。

    根据中华人民共和国宪法,全国人民代表大会特制定中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,规定香港特别行政区实行的制度,以保障国家对香港的基本方针政策的实施。

第一章  总则

    第一条 香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。

    第二条 全国人民代表大会授权香港特别行政区依照本法的规定实行高度自治,享有行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权。

    第三条 香港特别行政区的行政机关和立法机关由香港永久性居民依照本法有关规定组成。

    第四条 香港特别行政区依法保障香港特别行政区居民和其他人的权利和自由。

    第五条 香港特别行政区不实行社会主义制度和政策,保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式,五十年不变。

    第六条 香港特别行政区依法保护私有财产权。

    第七条 香港特别行政区境内的土地和自然资源属于国家所有,由香港特别行政区政府负责管理、使用、开发、出租或批给个人、法人或团体使用或开发,其收入全归香港特别行政区政府支配。

    第八条 香港原有法律,即普通法、衡平法、条例、附属立法和习惯法,除同本法相抵触或经香港特别行政区的立法机关作出修改者外,予以保留。

    第九条 香港特别行政区的行政机关、立法机关和司法机关,除使用中文外,还可使用英文,英文也是正式语文。

    第十条 香港特别行政区除悬挂中华人民共和国国旗和国徽外,还可使用香港特别行政区区旗和区徽。

    香港特别行政区的区旗是五星花蕊的紫荆花红旗。

    香港特别行政区的区徽,中间是五星花蕊的紫荆花,周围写有“中华人民共和国香港特别行政区”和英文“香港”。

    第十一条 根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条,香港特别行政区的制度和政策,包括社会、经济制度,有关保障居民的基本权利和自由的制度,行政管理、立法和司法方面的制度,以及有关政策,均以本法的规定为依据。

    香港特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律,均不得同本法相抵触。

第二章  中央和香港特别行政区的关系

    第十二条 香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国的一个享有高度自治权的地方行政区域,直辖于中央人民政府。

    第十三条 中央人民政府负责管理与香港特别行政区有关的外交事务。

    中华人民共和国外交部在香港设立机构处理外交事务。

    中央人民政府授权香港特别行政区依照本法自行处理有关的对外事务。

    第十四条 中央人民政府负责管理香港特别行政区的防务。

    香港特别行政区政府负责维持香港特别行政区的社会治安。

    中央人民政府派驻香港特别行政区负责防务的军队不干预香港特别行政区的地方事务。香港特别行政区政府在必要时,可向中央人民政府请求驻军协助维持社会治安和救助灾害。

    驻军人员除须遵守全国性的法律外,还须遵守香港特别行政区的法律。

    驻军费用由中央人民政府负担。

    第十五条 中央人民政府依照本法第四章的规定任命香港特别行政区行政长官和行政机关的主要官员。

    第十六条 香港特别行政区享有行政管理权,依照本法的有关规定自行处理香港特别行政区的行政事务。

    第十七条 香港特别行政区享有立法权。

    香港特别行政区的立法机关制定的法律须报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。备案不影响该法律的生效。

    全国人民代表大会常务委员会在征询其所属的香港特别行政区基本法委员会后,如认为香港特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律不符合本法关于中央管理的事务及中央和香港特别行政区的关系的条款,可将有关法律发回,但不作修改。经全国人民代表大会常务委员会发回的法律立即失效。该法律的失效,除香港特别行政区的法律另有规定外,无溯及力。

    第十八条 在香港特别行政区实行的法律为本法以及本法第八条规定的香港原有法律和香港特别行政区立法机关制定的法律。

    全国性法律除列于本法附件三者外,不在香港特别行政区实施。凡列于本法附件三之法律,由香港特别行政区在当地公布或立法实施。

    全国人民代表大会常务委员会在征询其所属的香港特别行政区基本法委员会和香港特别行政区政府的意见后,可对列于本法附件三的法律作出增减,任何列入附件三的法律,限于有关国防、外交和其他按本法规定不属于香港特别行政区自治范围的法律。

    全国人民代表大会常务委员会决定宣布战争状态或因香港特别行政区内发生香港特别行政区政府不能控制的危及国家统一或安全的动乱而决定香港特别行政区进入紧急状态,中央人民政府可发布命令将有关全国性法律在香港特别行政区实施。

    第十九条 香港特别行政区享有独立的司法权和终审权。

    香港特别行政区法院除继续保持香港原有法律制度和原则对法院审判权所作的限制外,对香港特别行政区所有的案件均有审判权。

    香港特别行政区法院对国防、外交等国家行为无管辖权。香港特别行政区法院在审理案件中遇有涉及国防、外交等国家行为的事实问题,应取得行政长官就该等问题发出的证明文件,上述文件对法院有约束力。行政长官在发出证明文件前,须取得中央人民政府的证明书。

    第二十条 香港特别行政区可享有全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会及中央人民政府授予的其他权力。

    第二十一条 香港特别行政区居民中的中国公民依法参与国家事务的管理。

    根据全国人民代表大会确定的名额和代表产生办法,由香港特别行政区居民中的中国公民在香港选出香港特别行政区的全国人民代表大会代表,参加最高国家权力机关的工作。

    第二十二条 中央人民政府所属各部门、各省、自治区、直辖市均不得干预香港特别行政区根据本法自行管理的事务。

    中央各部门、各省、自治区、直辖市如需在香港特别行政区设立机构,须征得香港特别行政区政府同意并经中央人民政府批准。

    中央各部门、各省、自治区、直辖市在香港特别行政区设立的一切机构及其人员均须遵守香港特别行政区的法律。

    中国其他地区的人进入香港特别行政区须办理批准手续,其中进入香港特别行政区定居的人数由中央人民政府主管部门征求香港特别行政区政府的意见后确定。

    香港特别行政区可在北京设立办事机构。

    第二十三条 香港特别行政区应自行立法禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱、颠覆中央人民政府及窃取国家机密的行为,禁止外国的政治性组织或团体在香港特别行政区进行政治活动,禁止香港特别行政区的政治性组织或团体与外国的政治性组织或团体建立联系。

第三章  居民的基本权利和义务

    第二十四条 香港特别行政区居民,简称香港居民,包括永久居民和非永久性民民。

    香港特别行政区永久性居民为:

    (一)在香港特别行政区成立以前或以后在香港出生的中国公民;

    (二)在香港特别行政区成立以前或以后在香港通常居住连续七年以上的中国公民;

    (三)第(一)、(二)两项所列居民在香港以外所生的中国籍子女;

    (四)在香港特别行政区成立以前或以后持有效旅行证件进入香港、在香港通常居住连续七年以上并以香港为永久居住地的非中国籍的人;

    (五)在香港特别行政区成立以前或以后第(四)项所列居民在香港所生的未满二十一周岁的子女;

    (六)第(一)至(五)项所列居民以外在香港特别行政区成立以前只在香港有居留权的人。

    以上居民在香港特别行政区享有居留权和有资格依照香港特别行政区法律取得载明其居留权的永久性居民身份证。

    香港特别行政区非永久性居民为:有资格依照香港特别行政区法律取得香港居民身份证,但没有居留权的人。

    第二十五条 香港居民在法律面前一律平等。

    第二十六条 香港特别行政区永久性居民依法享有选举权和被选举权。

    第二十七条 香港居民享有言论、新闻、出版的自由,结社、集会、游行、示威的自由,组织和参加工会、罢工的权利和自由。

    第二十八条 香港居民的人身自由不受侵犯。

    香港居民不受任意或非法逮捕、拘留、监禁。禁止任意或非法搜查居民的身体、剥夺或限制居民的人身自由。禁止对居民施行酷行、任意或非法剥夺居民的生命。

   第二十九条 香港居民的住宅和其他房屋不受侵犯。禁止任意或非法搜查、侵入居民的住宅和其他房屋。

    第三十条 香港居民的通讯自由和通讯秘密受法律的保护。除因公共安全和追查刑事犯罪的需要,由有关机关依照法律程序对通讯进行检查外,任何部门或个人不得以任何理由侵犯居民的通讯自由和通讯秘密。

    第三十一条 香港居民有在香港特别行政区境内迁徙的自由,有移居其他国家和地区的自由。香港居民有旅行和出入境的自由。有效旅行证件的持有人,除非受到法律制止,可自由离开香港特别行政区,无需特别批准。

    第三十二条 香港居民有信仰的自由。

    香港居民有宗教信仰的自由,有公开传教和举行、参加宗教活动的自由。

    第三十三条 香港居民有选择职业的自由。

    第三十四条 香港居民有进行学术研究、文学艺术创作和其他文化活动的自由。

    第三十五条 香港居民有权得到秘密法律咨询、向法院提起诉讼、选择律师及时保护自己的合法权益或在法庭上为其代理和获得司法补救。

    香港居民有权对行政部门和行政人员的行为向法院提起诉讼。

    第三十六条 香港居民有依法享受社会福利的权利。劳工的福利待遇和退休保障受法律保护。

    第三十七条 香港居民的婚姻自由和自愿生育的权利受法律保护。

    第三十八条 香港居民享有香港特别行政区法律保障的其他权利和自由。

    第三十九条 《公民权利和政治权力国际公约》、《经济、社会与文化权利的国际公约》和国际劳工公约适用于香港的有关规定继续有效,通过香港特别行政区的法律予以实施。

    香港居民享有的权利和自由,除依法规定外不得限制,此种限制不得与本条第一款规定抵触。

    第四十条 “新界”原居民的合法传统权益受香港特别行政区的保护。

    第四十一条 在香港特别行政区境内的香港居民以外的其他人,依法享有本章规定的香港居民的权利和自由。

    第四十二条 香港居民和在香港的其他人有遵守香港特别行政区实行的法律的义务。

第四章  政治体制 

第一节  行政长官

    第四十三条 香港特别行政区行政长官是香港特别行政区的首长,代表香港特别行政区。

    香港特别行政区行政长官依照本法的规定对中央人民政府和香港特别行政区负责。

    第四十四条 香港特别行政区行政长官由年满四十周岁,在香港通常居住连续满二十年并在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。

    第四十五条 香港特别行政区行政长官在当地通过选举或协商产生,由中央人民政府任命。

    行政长官的产生办法根据香港特别行政区的实际情况和循序渐进的原则而规定,最终达至由一个有广泛代表性的提名委员会按民主程序提名后普选产生的目标。

    行政长官产生的具体办法由附件一《香港特别行政区行政长官的产生办法》规定。

    第四十六条 香港特别行政区行政长官任期五年,可连任一次。

    第四十七条 香港特别行政区行政长官必须廉洁奉公、尽忠职守。

    行政长官就任时应向香港特别行政区终审法院首席法官申报财产,记录在案。

    第四十八条 香港特别行政区行政长官行使下列职权:

    (一)领导香港特别行政区政府;

    (二)负责执行本法和依照本法适用于香港特别行政区的其他法律;

    (三)签署立法会通过的法案,公布法律;

    签署立法会通过的财政预算案,将财政预算、决算报中央人民政府备案;

    (四)决定政府政策和发布行政命令;

    (五)提名并报请中央人民政府任命下列主要官员:各司司长、副司长,各局局长,廉政专员,审计署署长,警务处处长,入境事务处处长,海关关长;建议中央人民政府免除上述官员职务;

    (六)依照法定程序任免各级法院法官;

    (七)依照法定程序任免公职人员;

    (八)执行中央人民政府就本法规定的有关事务发出的指令;

    (九)代表香港特别行政区政府处理中央授权的对外事务和其他事务;

    (十)批准向立法会提出有关财政收入或支出的动议;

    (十一)根据安全和重大公共利益的考虑,决定政府官员或其他负责政府公务的人员是否向立法会或其属下的委员会作证和提供证据;

    (十二)赦免或减轻刑事罪犯的刑罚;

    (十三)处理请愿,申诉事项。

    第四十九条 香港特别行政区行政长官如认为立法会通过的法案不符合香港特别行政区的整体利益,可在三个月内将法案发回立法会重议,立法会如以不少于全体议员三分之二多数再次通过原案,行政长官必须在一个月内签署公布或按本法第五十条的规定处理。

    第五十条 香港特别行政区行政长官如拒绝签署立法会再次通过的法案或立法会拒绝通过政府提出的财政预算案或其他重要法案,经协商仍不能取得一致意见,行政长官可解散立法会。

    行政长官在解散立法会前,须征询行政会议的意见。行政长官在其一任任期内只能解散立法会一次。

    第五十一条 香港特别行政区立法会如拒绝批准政府提出的财政预算案,行政长官可向立法会申请临时拨款。如果由于立法会己被解散而不能批准拨款,行政长官可在选出新的立法会前的一段时期内,按上一财政年度的开支标准,批准临时短期拨款。

    第五十二条 香港特别行政区行政长官如有下列情况之一者必须辞职:

    (一)因严重疾病或其他原因无力履行职务;

    (二)因两次拒绝签署立法会通过的法案而解散立法会,重选的立法会仍以全体议员三分之二多数通过所争议的原案,而行政长官仍拒绝签署;

    (三)因立法会拒绝通过财政预算案或其他重要法案而解散立法会,重选的立法会继续拒绝通过所争议的原案。

    第五十三条 香港特别行政区行政长官短期不能履行职务时,由政务司长、财政司长、律政司长依次临时代理其职务。

    行政长官缺位时,应在六个月内依本法第四十五条的规定产生新的行政长官。行政长官缺位期间的职务代理,依照上款规定办理。

    第五十四条 香港特别行政区行政会议是协助行政长官决策的机构。

    第五十五条 香港特别行政区行政会议的成员由行政长官从行政机关的主要官员、立法会议员和社会人士中委任,其任免由行政长官决定。行政会议成员的任期应不超过委任他的行政长官的任期。

    香港特别行政区行政会议成员由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居中的中国公民担任。

    行政长官认为必要时可邀请有关人士列席会议。

    第五十六条 香港特别行政区行政会议由行政长官主持。

    行政长官在作出重要决策、向立法会提交法案、制定附属法规和解散立法会前,须征询行政会议的意见,但人事任免、纪律制裁和紧急情况下采取的措施除外。

    行政长官如不采纳行政会议多数成员的意见,应将具体理由记录在案。

    第五十七条 香港特别行政区设立廉政公署,独立工作,对行政长官负责。

    第五十八条 香港特别行政区设立审计署,独立工作,对行政长官负责。

第二节  行政机关

    第五十九条 香港特别行政区政府是香港特别行政区行政机关。

    第六十条 香港特别行政区政府的首长是香港特别行政区行政长官。

    香港特别行政区政府设政务司、财政司、律政司和各局、处、署。

    第六十一条 香港特别行政区的主要官员由在香港通常居住连续满十五年并在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。

    第六十二条 香港特别行政区政府行使下列职权:

    (一)制定并执行政策;

    (二)管理各项行政事务;

    (三)办理本法规定的中央人民政府授权的对外事务;

    (四)编制并提出财政预算、决算;

    (五)拟定并提出法案、议案、附属法规;

    (六)委派官员列席立法会并代表政府发言。

    第六十三条 香港特别行政区律政司主管刑事检察工作,不受任何干涉。

    第六十四条 香港特别行政区政府必须遵守法律,对香港特别行政区立法会负责:执行立法会通过并已生效的法律;定期向立法会作施政报告;答复立法会议员的质询;征税和公共开支须经立法会批准。

    第六十五条 原由行政机关设立咨询组织的制度继续保留。

第三节  立法机关

    第六十六条 香港特别行政区立法会是香港特别行政区的立法机关。

    第六十七条 香港特别行政区立法会由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民组成。但非中国籍的香港特别行政区永久性居和在外国有居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民也可以当选为香港特别行政区立法会议员,其所占比例不得超过立法会全体议员的百分之二十。

    第六十八条 香港特别行政区立法会由选举产生。

    立法会的产生办法根据香港特别行政区的实际情况和循序渐进的原则而规定,最终达至全部议员由普选产生的目标。

    立法会产生的具体办法和法案、议案的表决程序由附件二《香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序》规定。

    第六十九条 香港特别行政区立法会除第一届任期为两年外,每届任期四年。

    第七十条 香港特别行政区立法会如经行政长官依本法规定解散,须于三个月内依本法第六十八条的规定,重行选举产生。

    第七十一条 香港特别行政区立法会主席由立法会议员互选产生。

    香港特别行政区立法会主席由年满四十周岁,在香港通常居住连续满二十年并在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。

    第七十二条 香港特别行政区立法会主席行使下列职权:

    (一)主持会议;

    (二)决定议程,政府提出的议案须优先列入议程;

    (三)决定开会时间;

    (四)在休会期间可召开特别会议;

    (五)应行政长官的要求召开紧急会议;

    (六)立法会议事规则所规定的其他职权。

    第七十三条 香港特别行政区立法会行使下列职权:

    (一)根据本法规定并依照法定程序制定、修改和废除法律;

    (二)根据政府的提案,审核、通过财政预算;

    (三)批准税收和公共开支;

    (四)听取行政长官的施政报告并进行辩论;

    (五)对政府的工作提出质询;

    (六)就任何有关公共利益问题进行辨论;

    (七)同意终审法院法官和高等法院首席法官的任免;

    (八)接受香港居民申诉并作出处理;

    (九)如立法会全体议员的四分之一联合动议,指控行政长官有严重违法或渎职行为而不辞职,经立法会通过进行调查,立法会可委托终审法院首席法官负责组成独立的调查委员会,并担任主席。调查委员会负责进行调查,并向立法会提出报告。如该调查委员会认为有足够证据构成上述指控,立法会以全体议员三分之二多数通过,可提出弹劾案,报请中央人民政府决定。

    (十)在行使上述各项职权时,如有需要,可传召有关人士出席作证和提供证据。

    第七十四条 香港特别行政区立法会议员根据本法规定并依照法定程序提出法律草案,凡不涉及公共开支或政治体制或政府运作者,可由立法会议员个别或联名提出。凡涉及政府政策者,在提出前必须得到行政长官的书面同意。

    第七十五条 香港特别行政区立法会举行会议的法定人数为不少于全体议员的二分之一。

    立法会议事规则由立法会自行制定,但不得与本法相抵触。

    第七十六条 香港特别行政区立法会通过的法案,须经行政长官签署、公布,方能生效。

    第七十七条 香港特别行政区立法会议员在立法会的会议上发言,不受法律追究。

    第七十八条 香港特别行政区立法会议员在出席会议时和赴会途中不受逮捕。

    第七十九条 香港特别行政区立法会议员如有下列情况之一,由立法会主席宣告其丧失立法会议员的资格:

    (一)因严重疾病或其他情况无力履行职务;

    (二)未得到立法会主席的同意,连续三个月不出席会议而无合理解释者;

    (三)丧失或放弃香港特别行政区永久性居民的身份;

    (四)接受政府的委任而出任公务人员;

    (五)破产或经法庭裁定偿还债务而不履行;

    (六)在香港特别行政区区内或区外被判犯有刑事罪行,判处监禁一个月以上,并经立法会出席会议的议员三分之二通过解除其职务;

    (七)行为不检或违反誓言而经立法会出席会议的议员三分之二通过谴责。

第四节  司法机关

    第八十条 香港特别行政区各级法院是香港特别行政区的司法机关,行使香港特别行政区的审判权。

    第八十一条 香港特别行政区设立终审法院、高等法院、区域法院、裁判署法庭和其他专门法庭。高等法院设上诉法庭和原讼法庭。

    原在香港实行的司法体制,除因设立香港特别行政区终审法院而产生变化外,予以保留。

    第八十二条 香港特别行政区的终审权属于香港特别行政区终审法院。终审法院可根据需要邀请其他普通法适用地区的法官参加审判。

    第八十三条香港特别行政区各级法院的组织和职权由法律规定。

    第八十四条 香港特别行政区法院依照本法第十八条所规定的适用于香港特别行政区的法律审判案件,其他普通法适用地区的司法判例可作参考。

    第八十五条 香港特别行政区法院独立进行审判,不受任何干涉,司法人员履行审判职责的行为不受法律追究。

    第八十六条 原在香港实行的陪审制度的原则予以保留。

    第八十七条 香港特别行政区的刑事诉讼和民事诉讼中保留原在香港适用的原则和当事人享有的权利。

    任何人在被合法拘捕后,享有尽早接受司法机关公正审判的权利,未经司法机关判罪之前均假定无罪。

    第八十八条 香港特别行政区法院的法官,根据当地法官和法律界及其他方面知名人士组成的独立委员会推荐,由行政长官任命。

    第八十九条 香港特别行政区法院的法官只有在无力履行职责或行为不检的情况下,行政长官才可根据终审法院首席法官任命的不少于三名当地法官组成的审议庭的建议,予以免职。

    香港特别行政区终审法院的首席法官只有在无力履行职责或行为不检的情况下,行政长官才可任命不少于五名当地法官组成的审议庭进行审议,并可根据其建议,依照本法规定的程序,予以免职。

    第九十条 香港特别行政区终审法院和高等法院的首席法官,应由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。

    除本法第八十八条和第八十九条规定的程序外,香港特别行政区终审法院的法官和高等法院首席法官的任命或免职,还须由行政长官征得立法会同意,并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。

    第九十一条 香港特别行政区法官以外的其他司法人员原有的任免制度继续保持。

    第九十二条 香港特别行政区的法官和其他司法人员,应根据其本人的司法和专业才能选用,并可从其他普通法适用地区聘用。

    第九十三条 香港特别行政区成立前在香港任职的法官和其他司法人员均可留用,其年资予以保留,薪金、津贴、福利待遇和服务条件不低于原来的标准。

    对退休或符合规定离职的法官和其他司法人员,包括香港特别行政区成立前已退休或离职者,不论其所属国籍或居住地点,香港特别行政区政府按不低于原来的标准,向他们或其家属支付应得的退休金、酬金、津贴和福利费。

    第九十四条 香港特别行政区政府可参照原在香港实行的办法,作出有关当地和外来的律师在香港特别行政区工作和执业的规定。

    第九十五条 香港特别行政区可与全国其他地区的司法机关通过协商依法进行司法方面的联系和相互提供协助。

    第九十六条 在中央人民政府协助或授权下,香港特别行政区政府可与外国就司法互助关系作出适当安排。

第五节  区域组织

    第九十七条 香港特别行政区可设立非政权性的区域组织,接受香港特别行政区政府就有关地区管理和其他事务的咨询,或负责提供文化、康乐、环境卫生等服务。

    第九十八条 区域组织的职权和组成方法由法律规定。

第六节  公务人员

    第九十九条 在香港特别行政区政府各部门任职的公务人员必须是香港特别行政区永久性居民。本法第一百零一条对外籍公务人员另有规定者或法律规定某一职级以下者不在此限。

    公务人员必须尽忠职守,对香港特别行政区政府负责。

    第一百条 香港特别行政区成立前在香港政府各部门,包括警察部门任职的公务人员均可留用,其年资予以保留,薪金、津贴、福利待遇和服务条件不低于原来的标准。

    第一百零一条 香港特别行政区政府可任用原香港公务人员中的或持有香港特别行政区永久性居民身份证的英籍和其他外籍人士担任政府部门的各级公务人员,但下列各职级的官员必须由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任:各司司长、副司长,各局局长,廉政专员,审计署署长,警务处处长,入境事务处处长,海关关长。

    香港特别行政区政府还可聘请英籍和其他外籍人士担任政府部门的顾问,必要时并可从香港特别行政区以外聘请合格人员担任政府部门的专门和技术职务。上述外籍人士只能以个人身份受聘,对香港特别行政区政府负责。

    第一百零二条 对退休或符合规定离职的公务人员,包括香港特别行政区成立前退休或符合规定离职的公务人员,不论其所属国籍或居住地点,香港特别行政区政府按不低于原来的标准向他们或其家属支付应得的退休金、酬金、津贴和福利费。

    第一百零三条 公务人员应根据其本人的资格、经验和才能予以任用和提升,香港原有关于公务人员的招聘、雇用、考核、纪律、培训和管理的制度,包括负责公务人员的任用、薪金、服务条件的专门机构,除有关给予外籍人员特权待遇的规定外,予以保留。

    第一百零四条 香港特别行政区行政长官、主要官员、行政会议成员、立法会议员、各级法院法官和其他司法人员在就职时必须依法宣誓拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区。

第五章  经济

第一节  财政、金融、贸易和工商业

    第一百零五条 香港特别行政区依法保护私人和法人财产的取得、使用、处置和继承的权利,以及依法征用私人和法人财产时被征用财产的所有人得到补偿的权利。

    征用财产的补偿应相当于该财产当时的实际价值,可自由兑换,不得无故迟延支付。

    企业所有权和外来投资均受法律保护。

    第一百零六条 香港特别行政区保持财政独立。

    香港特别行政区的财政收入全部用于自身需要,不上缴中央人民政府。

    中央人民政府不在香港特别行政区征税。

    第一百零七条 香港特别行政区的财政预算以量入为出为原则,力求收支平衡,避免赤字,并与本地生产总值的增长率相适应。

    第一百零八条 香港特别行政区实行独立的税收制度。

    香港特别行政区参照原在香港实行的低税政策,自行立法规定税种、税率、税收宽免和其他税务事项。

    第一百零九条 香港特别行政区政府提供适当的经济和法律环境,以保持香港的国际金融中心地位。

    第一百一十条 香港特别行政区的货币金融制度由法律规定。

    香港特别行政区政府自行制定货币金融政策,保障金融企业和金融市场的经营自由,并依法进行管理和监督。

    第一百一十一条 港元为香港特别行政区法定货币,继续流通。

    港币的发行权属于香港特别行政区政府。港币的发行须有百分之百的准备金。港币的发行制度和准备金制度,由法律规定。

    香港特别行政区政府,在确知港币的发行基础健全和发行安排符合保持港币稳定的目的的条件下,可授权指定银行根据法定权限发行或继续发行港币。

    第一百一十二条 香港特别行政区不实行外汇管制政策。港币自由兑换。继续开放外汇、黄金、证券、期货等市场。

    香港特别行政区政府保障资金的流动和进出自由。

    第一百一十三条 香港特别行政区的外汇基金,由香港特别行政区政府管理和支配,主要用于调节港元汇价。

    第一百一十四条 香港特别行政区保持自由港地位,除法律另有规定外,不征收关税。

    第一百一十五条 香港特别行政区实行自由贸易政策,保障货物、无形财产和资本的流动自由。

    第一百一十六条 香港特别行政区为单独的关税地区。

    香港特别行政区可以“中国香港”的名义参加《关税和贸易总协定》、关于国际纺织品贸易安排等有关国际组织和国际贸易协定,包括优惠贸易安排。

    香港特别行政区所取得的和以前取得仍继续有效的出口配额、关税优惠和达成的其他类似安排,全由香港特别行政区享有。

    第一百一十七条 香港特别行政区根据当时的产地规则,可对产品签发产地来源证。

    第一百一十八条 香港特别行政区政府提供经济和法律环境,鼓励各项投资、技术进步并开发新兴产业。

    第一百一十九条 香港特别行政区政府制定适当政策,促进和协调制造业、商业、旅游业、房地产业、运输业、公用事业、服务性行业、渔农业等各行业的发展,并注意环境保护。

第二节  土地契约

    第一百二十条 香港特别行政区成立以前已批出、决定、或续期的超越一九九七年六月三十日年期的所有土地契约和与土地契约有关的一切权利,均按香港特别行政区的法律继续予以承认和保护。

    第一百二十一条 从一九八五年五月二十七日至一九九七年六月三十日期间批出的,或原没有续期权利而获得续期的,超出一九九七年六月三十日年期  而不超过二零四七年六月三十日的一切土地契约,承租人从一九九七年七月一日起不补地价,但需每年缴纳相当于当日该土地应课差饷租值百分之三的租金。此后,随应课差饷租值的改变而调整租金。

    第一百二十二条原旧批约地段、乡村屋地、丁屋地和类似的农村土地,如该土地在一九八四年六月三十日的承租人,或在该日以后批出的丁屋地承租人,其父系为一八九八年在香港的原有乡村居民,只要该土地的承租人仍为该人或其合法父系继承人,原定租金维持不变。

    第一百二十三条 香港特别行政区成立以后满期而没有续期权利的土地契约,由香港特别行政区自行制定法律和政策处理。

第三节  航运

    第一百二十四条 香港特别行政区保持原在香港实行的航运经营和管理体制,包括有关海员的管理制度。

    香港特别行政区政府自行规定在航运方面的具体职能和责任。

    第一百二十五条 香港特别行政区经中央人民政府授权继续进行船舶登记,并根据香港特别行政区的法律以“中国香港”的名义颁发有关证件。

    第一百二十六条 除外国军用船只进入香港特别行政区须经中央人民政府特别许可外,其他船舶可根据香港特别行政区法律进出其港口。

    第一百二十七条 香港特别行政区的私营航运及与航运有关的企业和私营集装箱码头,可继续自由经营。

第四节  民用航空

    第一百二十八条 香港特别行政区政府应提供条件和采取措施,以保持香港的国际和区域航空中心的地位。

    第一百二十九条 香港特别行政区继续实行原在香港实行的民用航空管理制度,并按中央人民政府关于飞机国籍标志和登记标志的规定,设置自己的飞机登记册。

    外国国家航空器进入香港特别行政区须经中央人民政府特别许可。

    第一百三十条 香港特别行政区自行负责民用航空的日常业务和技术管理,包括机场管理,在香港特别行政区飞行情报区内提供空中交通服务,和履行国际民用航空组织的区域性航行规划程序所规定的其他职责。

    第一百三十一条 中央人民政府经同香港特别行政区政府磋商作出安排,为在香港特别行政区注册并以香港为主要营业地的航空公司和中华人民共和国的其他航空公司,提供香港特别行政区和中华人民共和国其他地区之间的往返航班。

    第一百三十二条 凡涉及中华人民共和国其他地区同其他国家和地区的往返并经停香港特别行政区的航班,和涉及香港特别行政区同其他国家和地区的往返并经停中华人民共和国其他地区航班的民用航空运输协定,由中央人民政府签订。

    中央人民政府在签订本条第一款所指民用航空运输协定时,应考虑香港特别行政区的特殊情况和经济利益,并同香港特别行政区政府磋商。

    中央人民政府在同外国政府商谈有关本条第一款所指航班的安排时,香港特别行政区政府的代表可作为中华人民共和国政府代表团的成员参加。

    第一百三十三条 香港特别行政区政府经中央人民政府具体授权可:

    (一)续签或修改原有的民用航空运输协定和协议;

    (二)谈判签订新的民用航空运输协定,为在香港特别行政区注册并以香港为主要营业地的航空公司提供航线,以及过境和技术停降权利;

    (三)同没有签订民用航空运输协定的外国或地区谈判签订临时协议。

    不涉及往返、经停中国内地而只往返、经停香港的定期航班,均由本条所指的民用航空运输协定或临时协议予以规定。

    第一百三十四条 中央人民政府授权香港特别行政区政府:

    (一)同其他当局商谈并签订有关执行本法第一百三十三条所指民用航空运输协定和临时协议的各项安排;

    (二)对在香港特别行政区注册并以香港为主要营业地的航空公司签发执照;

    (三)依照本法第一百三十三条所指民用航空运输协定和临时协议指定航空公司;

    (四)对外国航空公司除往返、经停中国内地的航班以外的其他航班签发许可证。

   第一百三十五条 香港特别行政区成立前在香港注册并以香港为主要营业地的航空公司和与民用航空有关的行业,可继续经营。

第六章  教育、科学、文化、体育、宗教、劳工和社会服务

    第一百三十六条 香港特别行政区政府在原有教育制度的基础上,自行制定有关教育的发展和改进的政策,包括教育体制和管理、教学语言、经费分配、考试制度、学位制度和承认学历等政策。

    社会团体和私人可依法在香港特别行政区兴办各种教育事业。

    第一百三十七条 各类院校均可保留其自主性并享有学术自由,可继续从香港特别行政区以外招聘教职员和选用教材。宗教组织所办的学校可继续提供宗教教育,包括开设宗教课程。

    学生享有选择院校和在香港特别行政区以外求学的自由。

    第一百三十八条 香港特别行政区政府自行制定发展中西医药和促进医疗卫生服务的政策。社会团体和私人可依法提供各种医疗卫生服务。

    第一百三十九条 香港特别行政区政府自行制定科学技术政策,以法律保护科学技术的研究成果、专利和发明创造。

    香港特别行政区政府自行确定适用于香港的各类科学、技术标准和规格。

    第一百四十条 香港特别行政区政府自行制定文化政策,以法律保护作者在文学艺术创作中所获得的成果和合法权益。

    第一百四十一条 香港特别行政区政府不限制宗教信仰自由,不干预宗教组织的内部事务,不限制与香港特别行政区法律没有抵触的宗教活动。

    宗教组织依法享有财产的取得、使用、处置、继承以及接受资助的权利。财产方面的原有权益仍予保持和保护。  宗教组织可按原有办法继续兴办宗教院校、其他学校、医院和福利机构以及提供其他社会服务。

    香港特别行政区的宗教组织和教徒可与其他地方的宗教组织和教徒保持和发展关系。

    第一百四十二条香港特别行政区政府在保留原有的专业制度的基础上,自行制定有关评审各种专业的执业资格的办法。

    在香港特别行政区成立前已取得专业和执业资格者,可依据有关规定和专业守则保留原有的资格。

    香港特别行政区政府继续承认在特别行政区成立前已承认的专业和专业团体,所承认的专业团体可自行审核和颁授专业资格。

    香港特别行政区政府可根据社会发展需要并咨询有关方面的意见,承认新的专业和专业团体。

    第一百四十三条 香港特别行政区政府自行制定体育政策。民间体育团体可依法继续存在和发展。

    第一百四十四条 香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

    第一百四十五条 香港特别行政区政府在原有社会福利制度的基础上,根据经济条件和社会需要,自行制定其发展、改进的政策。

    第一百四十六条 香港特别行政区从事社会服务的志愿团体在不抵触法律的情况下可自行决定其服务方式。

    第一百四十七条 香港特别行政区自行制定有关劳工的法律和政策。

    第一百四十八条香港特别行政区的教育、科学、技术、文化、艺术、体育、专业、医疗卫生、劳工、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体和宗教组织同内地相应的团体和组织的关系,应以互不录属、互不干涉和互相尊重的原则为基础。

    第一百四十九条香港特别行政区的教育、科学、技术、文化、艺术、体育、专业、医疗卫生、劳工、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体和宗教组织可同世界各国、各地区及国际的有关团体和组织保持和发展关系,各该团体和组织可根据需要冠用“中国香港”的名义,参与有关活动。

第七章  对外事务

    第一百五十条 香港特别行政区政府的代表,可作为中华人民共和国政府代表团的成员,参加由中央人民政府进行的同香港特别行政区直接有关的外交谈判。

    第一百五十一条 香港特别行政区可在经济、贸易、金融、航运、通讯、旅游、文化、体育等领域以“中国香港”的名义,单独地同世界各国、各地区及有关国际组织保持和发展关系,签订和履行有关协议。

    第一百五十二条 对以国家为单位参加的、同香港特别行政区有关的、适当领域的国际组织和国际会议,香港特别行政区政府可派遣代表作为中华人民共和国代表团的成员或以中央人民政府和上述有关国际组织或国际会议允许的身份参加,并以“中国香港”的名义发表意见。

    香港特别行政区可以“中国香港”的名义参加不以国家为单位参加的国际组织和国际会议。

    对中华人民共和国已参加而香港也以某种形式参加了的国际组织,中央人民政府将采取必要措施使香港特别行政区以适当形式继续保持在这些组织中的地位。

    对中华人民共和国尚未参加而香港已以某种形式参加的国际组织,中央人民政府将根据需要使香港特别行政区以适当形式继续参加这些组织。

    第一百五十三条 中华人民共和国缔结的国际协议,中央人民政府可根据香港特别行政区的情况和需要,在征询香港特别行政区政府的意见后,决定是否适用于香港特别行政区。

    中华人民共和国尚未参加但已适用于香港的国际协议仍可继续适用。中央人民政府根据需要授权或协助香港特别行政区政府作出适当安排,使其他有关国际协议适用于香港特别行政区。

    第一百五十四条 中央人民政府授权香港特别行政区政府依照法律给持有香港特别行政区永久性居民身份证的中国公民签发中华人民共和国香港特别行政区护照,给在香港特别行政区的其他合法居留者签发中华人民共和国香港特别行政区的其他旅行证件。上述护照和证件,前往各国和各地区有效,并载明持有人有返回香港特别行政区的权利。   

    对世界各国或各地区的人入境、逗留和离境,香港特别行政区政府可实行出入境管制。

    第一百五十五条 中央人民政府协助或授权香港特别行政区政府与各国或各地区缔结互免签证协议。

    第一百五十六条 香港特别行政区可根据需要在外国设立官方或半官方的经济和贸易机构,报中央人民政府备案。

    第一百五十七条 外国在香港特别行政区设立领事机构或其他官方、关官方机构,须经中央人民政府批准。

    已同中华人民共和国建立正式外交关系的国家在香港设立的领事机构和其他官方机构,可予保留。

    尚未同中华人民共和国建立正式外交关系的国家在香港设立的领事机构和其他官方机构,可根据情况允许保留或改为关官方机构。

    尚未为中华人民共和国承认的国家,只能在香港特别行政区设立民间机构。

第八章  本法的解释和修改

    第一百五十八条 本法的解释权属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会。

    全国人民代表大会常委员会授权香港特别行政区法院在审理案件时对本法关于香港特别行政区自治范围内的条款自行解释。

    香港特别行政区法院在审理案件时对本法的其他条款也可解释。但如香港特别行政区法院在审理案件时需要对本法关于中央人民政府管理的事务或中央和香港特别行政区关系的条款进行解释,而该条款的解释又影响到案件的判决,在对该案件作出不可上诉的终局判决前,应由香港特别行政区终审法院请全国人民代表大会常务委员会对有关条款作出解释。如全国人民代表大会常务委员会作出解释,香港特别行政区法院在引用该条款时,应以全国人民代表大会常务委员会的解释为准。但在此以前作出的判决不受影响。

    全国人民代表大会常务委员会在对本法进行解释前,征询其所属的香港特别行政区基本法委员会的意见。

    第一百五十九条 本法的修改权属于全国人民代表大会。

    本法的修改提案权属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国务院和香港特别行政区。香港特别行政区的修改议案,须经香港特别行政区的全国人民代表大会代表三分之二多数、香港特别行政区立法会全体议员三分之二多数和香港特别行政区行政长官同意后,交由香港特别行政区出席全国人民代表大会的代表团向全国人民代表大会提出。

    本法的修改议案在列入全国人民代表大会的议程前,先由香港特别行政区基本法委员会研究并提出意见。

    本法的任何修改,均不得同中华人民共和国对香港既定的基本方针政策相抵触。

第九章  附则

    第一百六十条 香港特别行政区成立时,香港原有法律除由全国人民代表大会常务委员会宣布为同本法抵触者外,采用为香港特别行政区法律,如以后发现有的法律与本法抵触,可依照本法规定的程序修改或停止生效。

    在香港原有法律下有效的文件、证件、契约和权利义务,在不抵触本法的前提下继续有效,受香港特别行政区的承认和保护。

附件一:香港特别行政区行政长官的产生办法

    一、行政长官由一个具有广泛代表性的选举委员会根据本法选出,由中央人民政府任命。

    二、选举委员会委员共800人,由下列各界人士组成:

    工商、金融界200

    专业界200

    劳工、社会服务、宗教等界200

    立法会议员、区域性组织代表、香港地区全国人大代表、香港地区全国政协委员的代表200

    选举委员会每届任期五年。

    三、各个界别的划分,以及每个界别中何种组织可以产生选举委员的名额,由香港特别行政区根据民主、开放的原则制定选举法加以规定。

    各界别法定团体根据选举法规定的分配名额和选举办法自行选出选举委员会委员。

    选举委员以个人身份投票。

    四、不少于一百名的选举委员可联合提名行政长官候选人。每名委员只可提出一名候选人。

    五、选举委员会根据提名的名单,经一人一票无记名投票选出行政长官候任人。具体选举办法由选举法规定。

    六、第一任行政长官按照《全国人民代表大会关于香港特别行政区第一届政府和立法会产生办法的决定》产生。

    七、二○○七年以后各任行政长官的产生办法如需修改,须经立法会全体议员三分之二多数通过,行政长官同意,并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准。

附件二:香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序

    一、立法会的产生办法

    (一)香港特别行政区立法会议员每届60人,第一届立法会按照《全国人民代表大会关于香港特别行政区第一届政府和立法会产生办法的决定》产生。第二届、第三届立法会的组成如下:

    第二届

     功能团体选举的议员  30

     选举委员会选举的议员  6

     分区直接选举的议员  24

    第三届

     功能团体选举的议员  30

     分区直接选举的议员  30

   (二)除第一届立法会外,上述选举委员会即本法附件一规定的选举委员会。上述分区直接选举的选区划分、投票办法,各个功能界别和法定团体的划分、议员名额的分配、选举办法及选举委员会选举议员的办法,由香港特别行政区政府提出并经立法会通过的选举法加以规定。

    二、立法会对法案、议案的表决程序

    除本法另有规定外,香港特别行政区立法会对法案和议案的表决采取下列程序:

    政府提出的法案,如获得出席会议的全体议员的过半数票,即为通过。

    立法会议员个人提出的议案、法案和对政府法案的修正案均须分别经功能团体选举产生的议员和分区直接选举、选举委员会选举产生的议员两部分出席会议议员各过半数通过。

    三、二○○七年以后立法会的产生办法和表决程序

    二○○七年以后香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和法案、议案的表决程序,如需对本附件的规定进行修改,须经立法会全体议员三分之二多数通过,行政长官同意,并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。

附件三:在香港特别行政区实施的全国性法律

    下列全国性法律,自一九九七年七月一日起由香港特别行政区在当地公布或立法实施。

    一、《关于中华人民共和国国都、纪年、国歌、国旗的决议》

    二、《关于中华人民共和国国庆日的决议》

    三、《中央人民政府公布中华人民共和国国徽的命令》附:国徽图案、说明、使用办法

    四、《中华人民共和国政府关于领海的声明》

    五、《中华人民共和国国籍法》

    六、《中华人民共和国外交特权与豁免条例》

THE BASIC LAW OF THE HONG KONGSPECIAL  ADMINISTRATIVE  REGION  OFTHEPEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

    Important Notice: (注意事项)

    英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(19917月版).

    当发生歧意时,应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.

This  English  document is  coming  from  "LAWS AND  REGULATIONS  OFTHE

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF  CHINA  GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED  MATTERS"(1991.7)

which  is  compiled by  the  Brueau  of Legislative Affairs of theState

Council of  the  People's Republic of China, and is published by theChina

Legal System PublishingHouse.

In case of discrepancy, theoriginal version in Chinese shall prevail.

    Whole Document (法规全文)

THE BASIC LAW OF THE HONG KONGSPECIAL  ADMINISTRATIVE  REGION  OF

THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFCHINA

(Adopted at the Third Sessionof  the  Seventh National  People's

Congress on April 4, 1990,promulgated by Order No. 26 of the President of

the People's Republic of Chinaon April 4, 1990, and effective as of  July

1, 1997)

    Preamble

Hong Kong has been part of theterritory of China since ancient times;  itwas occupied by Britain after the Opium War in1840. On 19 December  1984,the Chinese and British Governments signed theJoint  Declaration  on  theQuestion of Hong Kong, affirming  that  the Government  of  the  People'sRepublic of China will resume the exercise ofsovereignty over  Hong Kongwith effect from 1 July 1997, thusfulfilling  the long-cherished  commonaspiration of the Chinese people for therecovery of Hong Kong.  Upholdingnational unity and territorial integrity,maintaining the  prosperity andstability of Hong Kong, and taking account ofits history  and realities,the People's Republic of China has decided thatupon China's resumption ofthe exercise  of  sovereignty  over Hong  Kong,  a  Hong Kong   SpecialAdministrative  Region  will  be established  in  accordance  with   theprovisions of Article 31 of the Constitution ofthe People's  Republic ofChina, and that under the principle of"one  country,  two systems,"  thesocialist system and policies will notbe  practised  in Hong  Kong.  Thebasic policies of the People's Republic of Chinaregarding Hong Kong  havebeen elaborated by  the  Chinese  Government in  the  Sino-British  Joint

Declaration.

In accordance with theConstitution of the People's Republic of China, theNational People's Congress hereby enacts theBasic Law of  the Hong  KongSpecial  Administrative  Region  of the  People's  Republic   of  China,prescribing  the  systems  to be  practised  in  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region, in order to ensure theimplementation of the  basicpolicies of the People's Republic of Chinaregarding Hong Kong.

    Chapter I General Principles

Article 1

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region is an inalienable part of  thepeople's Republic of China.

Article 2

The  National  People's Congress  authorizes  the   Hong  Kong   SpecialAdministrative Region to exercise ahigh  degree  of autonomy  and  enjoyexecutive, legislative and independent judicialpower, including  that offinal adjudication, in accordance with theprovisions of this Law.

Article 3

The executive  authorities  and legislature  of  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall be composedof  permanent  residents of  HongKong in accordance with the relevant provisionsof this Law.

Article 4

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall safeguard the rights andfreedoms of the residents of the Hong KongSpecial  Administrative  Regionand of other persons in the Region in accordancewith law.

Article 5

The socialist system andpolicies shall not be practised in the Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region, and the previouscapitalist system and  wayof life shall remain unchanged for 50years.

Article 6

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall protect  the  right  ofprivate ownership of property in accordance withlaw.

Article 7

The land and natural resourceswithin the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion shall be State property. The Governmentof the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall be responsible fortheir management,  use anddevelopment and for their lease or grant toindividuals, legal persons ororganizations for use or development. Therevenues derived therefrom shallbe exclusively at the disposal of the governmentof the Region.

Article 8

The laws previously in force inHong Kong, that is, the common law, rulesof equity, ordinances, subordinate legislationand customary law shall bemaintained, except for any that contravene thisLaw, and  subject to  anyamendment by the legislature  of  the Hong  Kong  Special  Administrative

Region.

Article 9

In addition to the Chineselanguage,  English may  also  be  used as  anofficial language by the executive authorities,legislature and  judiciaryof the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion.

Article 10

Apart fromdisplaying  the national  flag  and  national emblem  of  thePeople's Republic of China, the HongKong  Special  Administrative  Regionmay also use a regional flag and regionalemblem.The regional flag of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region is a redflag with a bauhinia highlighted by fivestar-tipped stamens.The regional emblem of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative  Region is  abauhinia in  the  centre  highlighted  by  five  star-tipped  stamens  andencircled by the words "Hong KongSpecial  Administrative  Region  of  thePeople's Republic of China" in Chinese and "HONGKONG" in English.

Article 11

In accordance with Article 31 ofthe Constitution of the People's Republicof China, the systems and policiespractised  in the  Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region, including the  social  and economic  systems,  thesystem for  safeguarding  the  fundamental  rights  and  freedoms of  itsresidents, the  executive,  legislative  and judicial  systems,  and  therelevant policies, shall be based on theprovisions of this Law.No law enacted by the legislature of the HongKong Special  AdministrativeRegion shall contravene this Law.

    Chapter II Relationship Between theCentral  Authorities  and  the HongKong Special Administrative Region

Article 12

The  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative   Region   shall   be   a   localadministrative region of the People's Republicof China, which shall enjoya high degree of autonomy and comedirectly  under the  Central  People'sGovernment.

Article 13

The Central People'sGovernment  shall be  responsible  for  the foreignaffairs relating to the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People'sRepublic  of China  shallestablish an office in Hong Kong to deal withforeign affairs.The Central  People's  Government  authorizes the  Hong   Kong   SpecialAdministrative Region to conduct relevantexternal affairs on its own  inaccordance with this Law.

Article 14

The Central People's Governmentshall be responsible for the  defence  ofthe Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion.The Government of the Hong KongSpecial  Administrative  Region  shall  beresponsible for the maintenance of public orderin the Region.Military forces stationed by the CentralPeople's Government in  the HongKong Special Administrative Region for defenceshall not interfere in  thelocal affairs of the Region. The  Government  of the  Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region  may,  when necessary,  ask  the  Central People'sGovernment for assistance from the garrison inthe maintenance  of publicorder and in disaster relief.In addition to abiding by national laws,members  of the  garrison  shallabide by the laws of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region.Expenditure for the garrison  shall  be borne by  the Central  People'sGovernment.

Article 15

The Central People's Governmentshall appoint the Chief Executive and  theprincipal officials of the executive authoritiesof the Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region in accordance with theprovisions of Chapter  IV ofthis Law.

Article 16

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall be vested with executivepower. It shall, on its own, conductthe  administrative  affairs of  theRegion in accordance with the relevantprovisions of this Law.

Article 17

The  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Region  shall be  vested   withlegislative power. Laws enacted  by  the legislature  of  the  Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region must be reportedto the  Standing Committeeof the National People's Congress for therecord. The reporting for recordshall not affect the entry intoforce  of such  laws.   If  the StandingCommittee  of  the  National People's  Congress,  after  consulting   theCommittee for the Basic Law of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Regionunder it, considers that any law enacted by thelegislature of the  Regionis not in conformity with the provisionsof  this  Law regarding  affairswithin the responsibility of the  Central  Authorities  or  regarding  therelationship between the Central Authorities andthe Region, the  StandingCommittee may return the law in question butshall not amend it.  Any lawreturned by the Standing Committee of theNational People's Congress shallimmediately be invalidated. This invalidationshall not  have retroactiveeffect, unless otherwise provided for in thelaws of the Region.

Article 18

The laws in force in the HongKong Special Administrative Region shall  bethis Law, the laws previously in force in HongKong  as  provided for  inArticle 8 of this Law, and the lawsenacted  by the  legislature  of  theRegion.National laws shall not be applied in the HongKong Special AdministrativeRegion except for those listed in Annex III tothis Law. The  laws listedtherein shall be applied locally by way ofpromulgation or legislation bythe Region.The Standing Committee of the National People'sCongress  may add  to  ordelete from the list of laws in Annex III afterconsulting  its Committeefor the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region  and thegovernment of the Region. Laws listed in AnnexIII to this  Law shall  beconfined to those relating to defence andforeign affairs as well as othermatters outside the limits of the autonomy ofthe Region as  specified bythis Law.In the event that the Standing Committee of theNational People's Congressdecides to declare a state of war or, by reasonof turmoil within the HongKong Special Administrative  Region  which endangers  national  unity  orsecurity and is beyond the  control  of the  government  of  the Region,decides that the Region is in a state ofemergency, the  Central People'sGovernment may issue an order applying therelevant national laws  in theRegion.

Article 19

The  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Region  shall be  vested   withindependent judicial power, including that offinal adjudication.The courts of the Hong  Kong  Special Administrative  Region  shall havejurisdiction over all cases in the Region,except that the restrictions ontheir jurisdiction imposed by the legal systemand  principles  previouslyin force in Hong Kong shall bemaintained.  The courts of  the  Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region shallhave  no  jurisdiction  over  acts  ofstate such as defence and foreign affairs. Thecourts of the Region  shallobtain a certificate  from  the Chief  Executive  on  questions of  factconcerning acts of state such as defence andforeign affairs whenever suchquestions arise in the adjudication of cases.This certificate  shall  bebinding on the courts.  Before  issuing such  a  certificate,  the ChiefExecutive shall obtain a certifyingdocument  from the  Central  People'sGovernment.

Article 20

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region may enjoy other powers grantedto it by the National People's Congress,the  Standing  Committee of  theNational People's Congress or the CentralPeople's Government.

Article 21

Chinese citizens who areresidents of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion shall be entitled to participate in themanagement of state affairsaccording to law. In accordance with theassigned number of seats and theselection method specified by the NationalPeople's Congress, the  Chinesecitizens among the residents  of  the Hong  Kong  Special  AdministrativeRegion shall locally elect deputies of theRegion to the National People'sCongress to participate in the work of thehighest organ of state power.

Article 22

No  department  of  the Central  People's  Government  and no  province,autonomous region, or municipality directlyunder the  Central Governmentmay interfere in the affairs which theHong  Kong  Special AdministrativeRegion administers on its own in accordance withthis Law.If there is a need for departments  of  the Central  Government,  or  forprovinces,  autonomous  regions,  or municipalities  directly  under theCentral  Government  to  set up  offices  in  the  Hong   Kong   SpecialAdministrative Region, they must obtain theconsent of the  government ofthe Region and the  approval  of  the Central  People's  Government.  Alloffices  set  up  in the  Hong  Kong  Special  Administrative  Region  bydepartments  of  the  Central Government,  or  by  provinces, autonomousregions, or municipalities directly under theCentral Government, and thepersonnel of these offices shall abide by thelaws of the Region.For entry into the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative  Region, people  fromother parts of China must apply for approval.Among them,  the number  ofpersons who enter the Region  for  the purpose  of  settlement  shall bedetermined by the competent authorities of theCentral People's Governmentafter consulting the government of  the  Region. The  Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region may establish an office inBeijing.

Article 23

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall enact laws on its own toprohibit any act of treason, secession,sedition, subversion  against theCentral People's Government,  or  theft of  state  secrets,  to prohibitforeign  political  organizations  or bodies  from  conducting  politicalactivities in the Region,  and  to prohibit  political  organizations  orbodies of  the  Region  from establishing  ties  with foreign  politicalorganizations or bodies.

    Chapter III Fundamental Rights and Duties of theResidents

Article 24

Residents of theHong  Kong  Special Administrative  Region  ("Hong Kongresidents") shall include permanent residentsand non-permanent residents.The permanent residents of the Hong  Kong  Special Administrative  Regionshall be:

(1) Chinese citizens born inHong Kong before or after the  establishmentof the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion;

(2) Chinese citizens whohave  ordinarily  resided in  Hong  Kong  for acontinuous period of not  less  than seven  years  before  or after  theestablishment of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region;

(3) Persons of  Chinese  nationality  born  outside  Hong Kong  of  thoseresidents listed in categories (1) and(2);

(4) Persons not of Chinesenationality who have  entered Hong  Kong  withvalid travel documents,  have  ordinarily resided  in  Hong  Kong for  acontinuous period of not less than seven yearsand have taken Hong Kong astheir place of permanent residence before orafter  the establishment  ofthe Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion;

(5) Persons under 21 years ofage born in Hong  Kong of  those  residentslisted in category (4) before or after theestablishment of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region; and

(6) Persons other than thoseresidents listed in categories (1)  to  (5),who, before the establishment of  the  Hong Kong  Special  AdministrativeRegion, had the right of abode in Hong Kongonly.The above-mentioned residents shall have theright of abode  in the  HongKong Special Administrative Region and shall bequalified  to obtain,  inaccordance with the laws of theRegion,  permanent identity  cards  whichstate their right of abode.  Thenon-permanent residents of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region shall be personswho are qualified to obtainHong Kong identity cards in accordance with thelaws  of  the Region  buthave no right of abode.

Article 25

All Hong Kong residents shall beequal before the law.

Article 26

Permanent residents of the HongKong Special Administrative Region  shallhave the right to vote and the right to standfor election  in accordancewith law.

Article 27

Hong Kong residents shall havefreedom of speech,  of the  press  and  ofpublication; freedom of association, ofassembly,  of procession  and  ofdemonstration; and the right and freedom to formand  join  trade unions,and to strike.

Article 28

The freedom of the person ofHong Kong residents shall be inviolable.No Hong Kong resident shall be subjected toarbitrary or unlawful  arrest,detention or imprisonment. Arbitrary or unlawfulsearch of the body of anyresident or deprivation or restriction of thefreedom of the person  shallbe prohibited.  Torture  of  any resident or  arbitrary   or   unlawfuldeprivation of the life of any resident shall beprohibited.

Article 29

The homes and other premises ofHong Kong residents shall be inviolable.Arbitrary or unlawful search of, or intrusioninto, a resident's  home orother premises shall be prohibited.

Article 30

The freedom and privacy ofcommunication of Hong Kong residents  shall  beprotected by law.  No  department  or individual  may,  on  any grounds,infringe upon the freedom and privacy ofcommunication of residents exceptthat the relevant authorities may inspectcommunication in accordance withlegal procedures to meet the needs of publicsecurity or of  investigationinto criminal offences.

Article 31

Hong Kong residents shall havefreedom of movement within the  Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region and freedom ofemigration to other countriesand regions. They shall have freedom to traveland to enter or  leave theRegion. Unless restrained by law, holders ofvalid travel documents  shallbe free to leave the Region without specialauthorization.

Article 32

Hong Kong residents shall havefreedom of conscience.Hong Kong residents shall have freedom ofreligious belief and freedom topreach and to conduct and participate inreligious activities in public.

Article 33

Hong Kong residents shall havefreedom of choice of occupation.

Article 34

Hong Kong residents shall havefreedom to  engage in  academic  research,literary and artistic creation, and othercultural activities.

Article 35

Hong Kong residents shall havethe right  to confidential  legal  advice,access to the courts, choice of lawyersfor  timely  protection of  theirlawful rights and interests or forrepresentation in the  courts, and  tojudicial remedies.Hong Kong residents shall have the right toinstitute legal proceedings inthe courts against  the  acts  of the  executive  authorities  and theirpersonnel.

Article 36

Hong Kong residents shall havethe right to social welfare in  accordancewith law. The welfare benefits and retirementsecurity of the labour forceshall be protected by law.

Article 37

The freedom of marriage of HongKong residents and their right to raise  afamily freely shall be protected bylaw.

Article 38

Hong Kong residents shall enjoythe other rights and freedoms safeguardedby the laws of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region.

Article 39

The provisions of  the  International  Covenant  on  Civil and  PoliticalRights, the  International  Covenant  on Economic,  Social  and  CulturalRights, and international labour conventions asapplied to Hong Kong shallremain in force and shall be implemented throughthe laws of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region.The rights and freedoms enjoyed  by  Hong Kong  residents  shall  not berestricted unless as  prescribed  by law.  Such  restrictions  shall notcontravene the provisions of the precedingparagraph of this Article.

Article 40

The lawful traditional rightsand interests of the indigenous inhabitantsof the "New Territories" shall be  protected  by the  Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region.

Article 41

Persons in the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative  Region other  than  HongKong residents shall,  in  accordance with  law,  enjoy  the rights  andfreedoms of Hong Kong residents prescribed inthis Chapter.

Article 42

Hong Kong residents  and  other persons  in  Hong  Kong shall  have  theobligation to abide by  the  laws in  force  in  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region.

    Chapter IV Political Structure

Section 1: The ChiefExecutive

Article 43

The Chief Executive of the HongKong Special Administrative Region  shallbe the head of the Hong  Kong  Special Administrative  Region  and shallrepresent the Region.  The  Chief Executive  of  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative  Region  shall  be accountable  to  the  Central People'sGovernment and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region  in accordancewith the provisions of this Law.

Article 44

The Chief Executive of the HongKong Special Administrative Region  shallbe a Chinese citizen of not less than 40 yearsof age who is  a permanentresident of the Region with no right of abode inany foreign  country andhas ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for acontinuous period  of not  lesshan 20 years.

Article 45

The Chief Executive of the HongKong Special Administrative Region  shallbe selected by election or  through  consultations  held  locally  and beappointed by the Central People'sGovernment.The method for selecting the Chief Executiveshall  be specified  in  thelight of the actual situation in  the  Hong Kong  Special  AdministrativeRegion and in  accordance  with  the principle  of  gradual  and orderlyprogress. The ultimate aim is theselection  of the  Chief  Executive  byuniversal suffrage upon nomination by a broadlyrepresentative  nominatingcommittee in accordance with democraticprocedures.The specific method for selecting theChief  Executive is  prescribed  inAnnex I "Method for the Selection of the ChiefExecutive of the Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region".

Article 46

The term of officeof  the  Chief Executive  of  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall be five years. He orshe  may  serve for  notmore than two consecutive terms.

Article 47

The Chief Executive of the HongKong Special Administrative Region must bea person of integrity, dedicated to his or herduties.The Chief Executive, on assuming office, shalldeclare his or  her assetsto the Chief Justice of the Court of FinalAppeal of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region.  Thisdeclaration shall be put on record.

Article 48

The Chief Executive of the HongKong Special Administrative Region  shallexercise the following powers andfunctions:

(1) To lead the government ofthe Region;

(2) To be responsible for theimplementation of this Law and  other  lawswhich, in accordance with  this  Law, apply  in  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region;

(3) To sign bills passed bythe  Legislative  Council and  to  promulgatelaws; To sign budgets passed by theLegislative  Council and  report  thebudgets and final accounts to the  Central  People's Government  for  therecord;

(4) To decide on governmentpolicies and to issue executive orders;

(5) To nominate and toreport  to the  Central  People's  Government forappointment the following  principal  officials: Secretaries  and  DeputySecretaries of Departments,Directors  of Bureaux,  Commissioner  AgainstCorruption,  Director  of  Audit, Commissioner  of  Police, Director  ofImmigration and Commissioner of Customs andExcise; and  to recommend  tothe Central  People's  Government  the removal  of  the  above-mentionedofficials;

(6) To appoint or remove judgesof the courts at all levels in accordancewith legal procedures;

(7) To appoint or remove holdersof public office in accordance with legalprocedures;

(8) To implement the directivesissued by the Central People's Governmentin respect of the relevant matters provided forin this Law;

(9) To conduct, on behalf ofthe  Government  of the  Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region, external affairs andother affairs as authorized bythe Central Authorities;

(10)  To  approve the  introduction  of  motions regarding  revenues  orexpenditure to the LegislativeCouncil;

(11) To decide, in thelight  of security  and  vital  public interests,whether government officials or other personnelin  charge  of governmentaffairs should testify or give evidence beforethe Legislative Council orits committees;

(12) To pardon persons convictedof criminal  offences or  commute  theirpenalties; and (13) To handle petitions andcomplaints.

Article 49

If the Chief Executive ofthe  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Regionconsiders that a bill passed by the LegislativeCouncil is not  compatiblewith the overall interests of the Region, he orshe may return it  to theLegislative Council  within  three months  for  reconsideration. If  theLegislative Council passes the original billagain by not less than a two-thirds majority of all the members,the  Chief  Executive must  sign  andpromulgate it within one month, or act inaccordance with  the provisionsof Article 50 of this Law.

Article 50

If the Chief executive ofthe  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Regionrefuses to sign a bill passed the second time bythe Legislative  Council,or the Legislative Council refuses to pass abudget or any other importantbill introduced by the  government,  and if  consensus  still  cannot bereached  after  consultations,  the Chief  Executive  may  dissolve   theLegislative Council.The Chief Executive must consult the ExecutiveCouncil  before dissolvingthe Legislative Council. The Chief Executive maydissolve the  LegislativeCouncil only once in each term of his or heroffice.

Article 51

If the Legislative Council ofthe Hong Kong Special Administrative  Regionrefuses to pass  the  budget  introduced by  the  government,  the ChiefExecutive  may  apply  to the   Legislative  Council   for   provisionalappropriations. If  appropriation  of  public funds  cannot  be approvedbecause the Legislative Council has  already  been dissolved,  the  ChiefExecutive may, prior to the  election  of the  new  Legislative  Council,approve provisional short-term appropriationsaccording to  the level  ofexpenditure of the previous fiscalyear.

Article 52

The Chief Executive of the HongKong Special  Administrative  Region  mustresign under any of the followingcircumstances:

(1) When he or she loses theability to discharge his or her duties  as  aresult of serious illness or otherreasons;

(2) When, after the LegislativeCouncil is dissolved  because he  or  shetwice refuses to sign a bill passed byit,  the  new Legislative  Councilagain passes by a two-thirds majority of all themembers the original billin dispute, but he or she still refuses to signit; and

(3) When, after the LegislativeCouncil is dissolved because it refuses topass a budget or any other importantbill,  the new  Legislative  Councilstill refuses to pass the original bill indispute.

Article 53

If the Chief Executive of theHong Kong Special Administrative Region  isnot able to discharge his or her duties for ashort  period, such  dutiesshall temporarily be assumed by the  Administrative  Secretary, FinancialSecretary or Secretary of Justice in this orderof precedence.In the event that the office ofChief  Executive becomes  vacant,  a  newChief executive shall be selected within sixmonths in accordance with theprovisions of Article 45 of this Law. During theperiod of vacancy, his orher duties shall be assumed according to theprovisions of  the preceding

paragraph.

Article 54

The Executive council of theHong Kong Special Administrative Region shallbe an organ for assisting the Chief Executive inpolicy-making.

Article 55

Members of the Executive Councilof the Hong Kong  Special AdministrativeRegion shall be appointed by the Chief Executivefrom among the  principleofficials of the executive authorities, membersof the Legislative Counciland public figures. Their appointment or removalshall be decided  by theChief Executive. The term of office of membersof  the  Executive Councilshall not extend beyond the expiry of theterm  of  office of  the  ChiefExecutive who appoints them.Members of the Executive Council of the HongKong  Special  AdministrativeRegion shall be Chinese citizens who arepermanent residents of the Regionwith no right of abode in any foreigncountry.The Chief Executive may, as  he  or she  deems  necessary,  invite otherpersons concerned to sit in on meetings of theCouncil.

Article 56

The Executive Council of theHong Kong Special Administrative Region shallbe presided over by the Chief Executive.Except for the appointment, removal anddisciplining of officials and theadoption of measures in emergencies, the ChiefExecutive shall consult theExecutive Council before makingimportant  policy decisions,  introducingbills to the  Legislative  Council,  making subordinate  legislation,  ordissolving the Legislative Council.If the Chief Executive does not accept amajority opinion of the ExecutiveCouncil, he or she shall put the specificreasons on record.

Article 57

A Commission Against Corruptionshall be  established  in  theHong  KongSpecial Administrative Region. It  shall  function independently  and  beaccountable to the Chief Executive.

Article 58

A Commission of Auditshall  be established  in  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region. It shall functionindependently and be  accountableto the Chief Executive.

Section 2: the ExecutiveAuthorities

Article 59

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region shall be theexecutive authorities of the Region.

Article 60

The head of the Government ofthe Hong Kong Special Administrative  Regionshall be the Chief Executive of theRegion.A Department of Administration, a Department ofFinance, a  Department ofJustice,  and  various  bureaux, divisions  and  commissions  shall   beestablished in the Government of  the  Hong Kong  Special  AdministrativeRegion.

Article 61

The principal officials of theHong  Kong  Special Administrative  Regionshall be Chinese citizens who are permanentresidents of the  Region withno right of abode in any foreign country andhave  ordinarily  resided inHong Kong for a continuous period of not lessthan 15 years.

Article 62

The Government of  the  Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region shallexercise the following powers andfunctions:

(1) To formulate and implementpolicies;

(2) To conduct administrativeaffairs;

(3) To conduct external affairsas  authorized  by the  Central  People'sGovernment under this Law;

(4) To draw up and introducebudgets and final accounts;

(5) To draft and introducebills, motions and subordinate legislation; and

(6) To designate officials tosit in on the meetings  of the  LegislativeCouncil and to speak on behalf of thegovernment.

Article 63

The Department of Justice of theHong Kong Special  Administrative  Regionshall control criminal prosecutions, free fromany interference.

Article 64

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region must  abideby the law and be accountable to the LegislativeCouncil of the Region: itshall implement laws passed by the Council andalready in force; it  shallpresent regular policy addresses to the Council;it shall answer questionsraised by members of the Council; and it shallobtain  approval from  theCouncil for taxation and publicexpenditure.

Article 65

The previous systemof  establishing  advisory bodies  by  the  executiveauthorities shall be maintained.

Section 3: TheLegislature

Article 66

The Legislative Council of theHong  Kong  Special Administrative  Regionshall be the legislature of theRegion.

Article 67

The Legislative Council of theHong  Kong  Special Administrative  Regionshall be composed of Chinese citizens who arepermanent residents  of theRegion with no right of abode in any foreigncountry.  However, permanentresidents of the Region who are not of Chinesenationality or who have theright of abode in foreign countries may also notof Chinese nationality orwho have the right of abode in  foreign  countries may  also  be  electedmembers of the Legislative  Council  of the  Region,  provided  that theproportion of such members  does  not exceed  20  percent  of the  totalmembership of the Council.

Article 68

The Legislative Council of theHong  Kong  Special Administrative  Regionshall be constituted by election.The method for forming the Legislative Councilshall be specified  in thelight of the actual situation in  the  Hong Kong  Special  AdministrativeRegion and in  accordance  with  the principle  of  gradual  and orderlyprogress. The ultimate aim is theelection  of all  the  members  of theLegislative Council by universal suffrage.The specific method for forming the LegislativeCouncil and its proceduresfor voting on bills and motions are prescribedin Annex II :  "Method forthe Formation  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region and Its VotingProcedures".

Article 69

The term of office of theLegislative Council of  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall be four years,except  the first  term  whichshall be two years.

Article 70

If the Legislative Council ofthe Hong Kong Special Administrative  Regionis dissolved by the Chief Executive inaccordance with the  provisions ofthis Law, it must, within three months, be reconstituted  by  election inaccordance with Article 68 of thisLaw.

Article 71

The President  of  the Legislative  Council  of  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall be elected by andfrom among  the members  ofthe Legislative Council.The President  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall be a Chinese citizenof not less than 40 yearsof age, who is a permanent resident of theRegion with no right  of abodein any foreign country and hasordinarily  resided in  Hong  Kong  for acontinuous period of not less than 20years.

Article 72

The President  of  the Legislative  Council  of  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall exercise thefollowing powers and functions:

(1) To preside overmeetings;

(2) To decide on theagenda,  giving priority  to  government  bills forinclusion in the agenda;

(3) To decide on the time ofmeetings;

(4) To call special sessionsduring the recess;

(5) To call emergency sessionson the request of the Chief Executive; and

(6) To exercise other powers andfunctions as prescribed in the rules  ofprocedure of the Legislative Council.

Article 73

The Legislative Council of theHong  Kong  Special Administrative  Regionshall exercise the following powers andfunctions:

(1) To enact, amend or repeallaws in accordance with the  provisions  ofthis Law and legal procedures;

(2) To examine and approvebudgets introduced by the government;

(3) To approve taxation andpublic expenditure;

(4) To receive and debate thepolicy addresses of the Chief Executive;

(5) To raise questions on thework of the government;

(6) To debate any issueconcerning public interests;

(7) To endorse the appointmentand removal of the judges of the Court  ofFinal Appeal and the Chief Judge of the HighCourt;

(8) To receive and handlecomplaints from Hong Kong residents;

(9) If a motion initiatedjointly by one-fourth of all the members of  theLegislative Council charges the Chief Executivewith serious breach of lawor dereliction of duty and if he or sherefuses  to resign,  the  Councilmay, after passing a motion for investigation,give a mandate to the ChiefJustice of the Court of Final Appealto  form  and chair  an  independentinvestigation committee. The committee shall beresponsible  for carryingout the investigation and reporting its findingsto the  Council. If  thecommittee considers the evidence sufficient tosubstantiate such  charges,the Council may pass a motion of impeachment bya two-thirds  majority ofall its members and report it  to  the Central  People's  Government  fordecision; and

(10) To summon, as required whenexercising the above-mentioned powers andfunctions, persons concerned to testify or giveevidence.

Article 74

Members of the LegislativeCouncil of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion may introduce bills in accordance withthe provisions of  this Lawand legal procedures.  Billswhich do not relate to public expenditure  orpolitical structure or the operation of thegovernment may  be introducedindividually or jointly by members of theCouncil.  The written consent ofthe Chief Executive shall be required beforebills relating to  governmentpolicies are introduced.

Article 75

The quorum for the meeting ofthe Legislative Council of  the  Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region shall be not lessthan one half of  all itsmembers.  The rules of procedure ofthe Legislative Council shall be madeby the Council on its own, provided that they donot contravene this Law.

Article 76

A bill passed  by  the Legislative  Council  of  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region  may  take effect  only  after  it is  signed  andpromulgated by the Chief Executive.

Article 77

Members of the LegislativeCouncil of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion shall be immune from legal action inrespect of their statements atmeetings of the Council.

Article 78

Members of the LegislativeCouncil of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion shall not be subjected to arrest whenattending or on their way toa meeting of the Council.

Article 79

The President  of  the Legislative  Council  of  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall declare that amember of  the Council  is  nolonger qualified for the office under any of thefollowing circumstances:

(1) When he or she loses theability to discharge his or her duties  as  aresult of serious illness or otherreasons;

(2) When he or she, with novalid reason,  is absent  from  meetings  forthree consecutive months without the  consent  of the  President  of  theLegislative Council;

(3) When he or she loses orrenounces his or her  status as  a  permanentresident of the Region;

(4) When he or she accepts agovernment appointment and becomes a  publicservant;

(5) When he or she is bankruptor fails to comply with a court  order  torepay debts;

(6) When he or she is convictedand  sentenced  to imprisonment  for  onemonth or more for a criminal  offence  committed within  or  outside  theRegion and is relieved of  his  or her  duties  bya  motion  passed  bytwo-thirds of the members of the LegislativeCouncil present;and

(7) When he or she is censuredfor misbehaviour or breach of  oath  by  avote of two-thirds of the members of theLegislative Council present.

Section 4: TheJudiciary

Article 80

The courts of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region at  all  levelsshall be the judiciary of the Region, exercisingthe judicial power of theRegion.

Article 81

The Court of Final Appeal, theHigh Court, district  courts, magistrates'courts and other special courts shallbe  established  in the  Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region. The High Courtshall comprise the Court ofAppeal and the Court of FirstInstance.  The judicial  system  previouslypractised in Hong Kong  Shall  be maintained  except  for  those changesconsequent upon the establishment of the Courtof Final Appeal of the HongKong Special Administrative Region.

Article 82

The power of final adjudicationof the Hong  Kong Special  AdministrativeRegion shall be vested in the Court of FinalAppeal of the  Region, whichmay as required invite judges from other commonlaw jurisdictions  to siton the Court of Final Appeal.

Article 83

The structure, powers andfunctions of the courts of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region at all levels shall beprescribed by law.

Article 84

The courts of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region shall adjudicatecases in accordance with the laws applicable inthe Region  as prescribedin Article 18 of this Law and may refer toprecedents of other common lawjurisdictions.

Article 85

The courts of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region shall  exercisejudicial power independently, free from anyinterference. Members  of thejudiciary shall be immune from legal action inthe  performance  of theirjudicial functions.

Article 86

The principle of trial by jurypreviously practised in Hong Kong shall  bemaintained.

Article 87

In criminal or civil proceedingsin the Hong Kong  Special AdministrativeRegion, the principles previously appliedin  Hong  Kong and  the  rightspreviously enjoyed by parties to proceedingsshall be maintained.Anyone who is lawfully arrested shall have theright to a  fair  trial  bythe judicial organs without delay andshall  be presumed  innocent  untilconvicted by the judicial organs.

Article 88

Judges of the courts of the HongKong Special Administrative Region shallbe appointed  by  the  Chief Executive  on  the  recommendation  of   anindependent commission composed of local judges,persons  from the  legalprofession and eminent persons from othersectors.

Article 89

A judge of a court of the HongKong Special Administrative Region may onlybe removed  for  inability  to discharge  his  or  her duties,  or  formisbehaviour, by the Chief Executive on therecommendation of  a tribunalappointed by the Chief Justice of the Court ofFinal Appeal and consistingof not fewer than three localjudges.  The Chief Justice of the  Court  ofFinal Appeal of  the  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Region  may beinvestigated only for inability to discharge hisor  her  duties, or  formisbehaviour,  by  a  tribunal appointed  by  the  Chief Executive   andconsisting of not fewer than five local judgesand may be removed  by theChief Executive on the recommendation of thetribunal  and in  accordancewith the procedures prescribed in thisLaw.

Article 90

The Chief Justice of the Courtof Final Appeal and the Chief Judge of  theHigh Court of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall be Chinesecitizens who are permanent residents of theRegion with no right of abodein any foreign country. In the case  of  the appointment  or  removal  ofjudges of the Court of Final Appeal and theChief Judge of the High Courtof the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,the Chief Executive shall,in addition to following the proceduresprescribed in Articles 88 and  89of this Law, obtain the endorsement of theLegislative Council and reportsuch appointment or removal to the  Standing  Committee of  the  NationalPeople's Congress for the record.

Article 91

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall maintain  the  previoussystem of appointment and removal of members ofthe judiciary  other thanjudges.

Article 92

Judges and othermembers  of the  judiciary  of  the Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall be chosen on thebasis of their  judicial andprofessional  qualities  and  may be  recruited  from  other common  lawjurisdictions.

Article 93

Judges and other members of thejudiciary serving in Hong Kong before  theestablishment of the Hong  Kong  Special Administrative  Region  may allremain in employment and retain  their  seniority with  pay,  allowances,benefits and conditions of service no lessfavourable than before.The Government of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall pay tojudges and other members of the judiciary whoretire or leave the  servicein compliance with regulations, including thosewho have retired  or leftthe service  before  the  establishment  of   the   Hong  Kong   SpecialAdministrative Region, or to their dependants,all  pensions,  gratuities,allowances and benefits due to them  on  terms no  less  favourable  thanbefore, irrespective of their nationality orplace of residence.

Article 94

On the basis  of  the system  previously  operating  in Hong  Kong,  theGovernment of  the  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Region  may makeprovisions for local lawyers and lawyers fromoutside Hong  Kong to  workand practise in the Region.

Article 95

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region may, through consultations andin accordance with law, maintainjuridical  relations with  the  judicialorgans of other parts of the country, and theymay  render  assistance toeach other.

Article 96

With the assistance orauthorization of the Central People's  Government,the Government of the Hong KongSpecial  Administrative  Region  may  makeappropriate arrangements with  foreign  states for  reciprocal  juridicalassistance.

Section 5: DistrictOrganizations

Article 97

District organizations which arenot organs  of political  power  may  beestablished  in  the  Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region, to  beconsulted by the government of the Region ondistrict  administration  andother affairs, or to be responsible forproviding services in such fieldsas culture, recreation and environmentalsanitation.

Article 98

The powers and functions of thedistrict organizations and the method  fortheir formation shall be prescribed bylaw.

Section 6: PublicServants

Article 99

Public servants serving in allgovernment departments  of the  Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region must be permanentresidents of  the Region,except where otherwise provided for in Article101 of this  Law regardingpublic servants of foreign nationalitiesand  except  for those  below  acertain rank as prescribed by law.  Publicservants must be  dedicated totheir duties and be responsible to theGovernment of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region.

Article 100

Public servants serving in allHong Kong government departments, includingthe police department, before the establishmentof the Hong  Kong SpecialAdministrative Region, may all  remain  in employment  and  retain  theirseniority with pay, allowances, benefits andconditions of service no lessfavourable than before.

Article 101

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region may  employBritish and other foreign  nationals  previously serving  in  the  publicservice in Hong Kong, or those holdingpermanent  identity cards  of  theRegion, to serve as public  servants  in government  departments  at  alllevels, but only Chinese citizens amongpermanent residents of the Regionwith no right of abode in any  foreign  country may  fill  the  followingposts: the Secretaries and Deputy Secretaries ofDepartments, Directors ofBureaux, Commissioner Against Corruption,Director of Audit,  Commissionerof Police, Director of Immigration andCommissioner of Customs and Excise.The Government of the Hong KongSpecial  Administrative  Region  may  alsoemploy British and other  foreign  nationals as  advisers  to  governmentdepartments and, when required,  may  recruit qualified  candidates  fromoutside the Region to fill professional andtechnical posts in  governmentdepartments. These foreign nationals  shall  be employed  only  in  theirindividual capacities and shall be responsibleto the  government of  theRegion.

Article 102

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region shall pay topublic servants who retire or who leavethe  service  in compliance  withregulations, including those who have retired orwho have left the servicein compliance with regulations before theestablishment of the  Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region,  or  to their  dependants,  all  pensions,gratuities,  allowances  and  benefits due  to  them  on terms  no  lessfavourable than before, irrespectiveof  their  nationality  or  place  ofresidence.

Article 103

The appointment and promotion ofpublic servants shall be on the basis  oftheir qualifications, experience and ability.Hong Kong's previous  systemof recruitment,  employment,  assessment,   discipline,  training   andmanagement for the public service,  including  special bodies  for  theirappointment, pay and conditions of service,shall  be maintained,  exceptfor any provisions for privileged treatment offoreign nationals.

Article 104

When assuming office, the ChiefExecutive, principal officials, members ofthe Executive Council and of the LegislativeCouncil, judges of the courtsat all levels and other members of the judiciaryin the Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region must, in accordance withlaw, swear  to uphold  theBasic Law of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region of the  People'sRepublic  of  China  and swear  allegiance  to  the Hong  Kong   SpecialAdministrative Region of the People's Republicof China.

    Chapter V Economy

Section 1: Public Finance,Monetary Affairs, Trade, Industry and  Commerce

Article 105

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall, in accordance with law,protect the right of individuals andlegal  persons to  the  acquisition,use, disposal and inheritance of property andtheir right to  compensationfor lawful  deprivation  of  their property.   Such  compensation  shallcorrespond to the real value of the propertyconcerned  at the  time  andshall be freely convertible and paid withoutundue delay.The ownership of enterprises and the investmentsfrom outside  the Regionshall be protected by law.

Article 106

The  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Region  shall have  independentfinances.  The Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region  shall  use itsfinancial revenues exclusively for its ownpurposes, and they shall not behanded over to the Central People'sGovernment.The Central People's Government shall notlevy  taxes  in the  Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region.

Article 107

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall follow the principle  ofkeeping expenditure within the  limits  of revenues  in  drawing  up itsbudget, and strive to achieve a fiscal balance,avoid  deficits and  keepthe budget commensurate  with  the growth  rate  of  its gross  domesticproduct.

Article 108

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall practise an  independenttaxation system.The Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion  shall, taking  the  low  taxpolicy previously pursued in Hong Kong asreference, enact laws on its ownconcerning types of taxes,  tax  rates, tax  reductions,  allowances  andexemptions, and other matters oftaxation.

Article 109

The Government of  the  Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region shallprovide an appropriate economic and legalenvironment for the  maintenanceof the status of Hong Kong as an internationalfinancial centre.

Article 110

The monetary and financialsystems of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion shall be prescribed by law.The Government of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative  Region shall,  onits own, formulate monetary andfinancial  policies, safeguard  the  freeoperation of financial business and financialmarkets,  and regulate  andsupervise them in accordance with law.

Article 111

The Hong Kong dollar,as  the  legal tender  in  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region, shall continue tocirculate.The authority  to  issue  Hong Kong  currency  shall  be vested  in  theGovernment of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region.  The issue  ofHong Kong currency must be backed by a100  per  cent reserve  fund.  Thesystem regarding the issue of HongKong  currency  and the  reserve  fundsystem shall be prescribed by law.The Government  of  the  Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region mayauthorize designated banks  to  issue or  continue  to  issue Hong  Kongcurrency under statutory authority, aftersatisfying itself that any issueof currency will be soundly based and that thearrangements for such issueare consistent with  the  object of  maintaining  the  stability of  thecurrency.

Article 112

No foreign exchange controlpolicies shall be applied in  the  Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region.  The  Hong Kong  dollar  shall  be freelyconvertible. Markets for foreign exchange, gold,securities,  futures andthe like  shall  continue.   The Government  of  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall safeguard thefree  flow  of capital  within,into and out of the Region.

Article 113

The Exchange Fund of the HongKong Special Administrative Region shall  bemanaged and controlled by thegovernment  of the  Region,  primarily  forregulating the exchange value of the Hong Kongdollar.

Article 114

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall maintain the status of afree port and shall not impose any tariff unlessotherwise  prescribed bylaw.

Article 115

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall pursue  the  policy  offree trade and safeguard the free movement ofgoods, intangible assets andcapital.

Article 116

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall be a  separate  customsterritory. The Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion may, using the name"Hong Kong, China", participate in  relevantinternational  organizationsand international  trade   agreements   (including  preferential   tradearrangements), such as the GeneralAgreement  on Tariffs  and  Trade  andarrangements regarding international tradein  textiles.   Export quotas,tariff preferences and other similararrangements, which are obtained  ormade by the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion or which were obtainedor made and remain valid, shall be enjoyedexclusively by the Region.

Article 117

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region may issue its own certificatesof origin for products in accordance withprevailing rules of origin.

Article 118

The Government of  the  Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region shallprovide an economic and legal  environment  for encouraging  investments,technological progress and the development ofnew industries.

Article 119

The Government of the  Hong  Kong  Special Administrative  Region  shallformulate appropriate policies to promote andcoordinate  the developmentof various trades such as manufacturing,commerce, tourism,  real estate,transport, public utilities, services,agriculture and fisheries, and payregard to the protection of theenvironment.

Section 2: Land Leases

Article 120

All  leases  of land  granted,  decided  upon or  renewed   before   theestablishment of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region which extendbeyond 30 June 1997, and all rightsin  relation  to such  leases,  shallcontinue to be recognized and protected underthe law of the Region.

Article 121

As regards all leases of landgranted or renewed where the original leasescontain no right of renewal, during the periodfrom 27 May 1985 to 30 June1997, which extend beyond 30 June 1997 andexpire not later than  30 June2047, the lessee is not required to pay anadditional premium  as from  1July 1997, but an annual rent equivalent to 3per  cent  of the  rateablevalue of the property at that date, adjusted instep with any  changes inthe rateable value thereafter, shall becharged.

Article 122

In the case of old schedulelots, village lots, small houses and  similarrural holdings, where the property was on 30June 1984 held by, or, in thecase of small houses granted  after  that date,  where  the  property isgranted to, a lessee descended through the maleline from a person who wasin 1898 a resident of an established village inHong  Kong,  the previousrent shall remain unchanged so long as theproperty is held by that lesseeor by one of his lawful successors in the maleline.

Article 123

Where leases  of  land without  a  right  of renewal  expire  after  theestablishment of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region,  they shallbe dealt with in accordance with  laws  and policies  formulated  by  theRegion on its own.

Section 3: Shipping

Article 124

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region  shall maintain  Hong  Kong'sprevious systems of shipping management andshipping regulation, includingthe system for regulating conditions ofseamen.The Government of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative  Region shall,  onits own, define its specific functions andresponsibilities in respect ofshipping.

Article 125

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall be  authorized  by  theCentral People's Government to continue tomaintain  a shipping  registerand issue related certificates under itslegislation, using the name "HongKong, China".

Article 126

With the exception of foreignwarships,  access for  which  requires  thespecial permission of the Central People'sGovernment, ships  shall enjoyaccess to the ports of the Hong  Kong  Special Administrative  Region  inaccordance with the laws of theRegion.

Article 127

Private shipping businesses andshipping-related  businesses and  privatecontainer terminals in the Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region  maycontinue to operate freely.

Section 4: CivilAviation

Article 128

The Government of  the  Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region shallprovide conditions and take measures for themaintenance of the status ofHong Kong as a centre of international andregional aviation.

Article 129

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall continue  the  previoussystem of civil aviation management in Hong Kongand keep its own aircraftregister in accordance with provisions laid downby the  Central People'sGovernment  concerning  nationality  marks and  registration   marks   ofaircraft.Access of foreign state aircraft to the HongKong  Special  AdministrativeRegion shall require  the  special permission  of  the  Central People'sGovernment.

Article 130

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall be responsible  on  itsown for matters of routine business  and  technical management  of  civilaviation, including the management  of  airports, the  provision  of  airtraffic services within the flight informationregion  of the  Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region, and the dischargeof other responsibilitiesallocated to it under  the  regional air  navigation  procedures  of theInternational Civil AviationOrganization.

Article 131

The Central People's Governmentshall, in consultation with the Governmentof the  Hong  Kong  Special Administrative  Region,  make  arrangementsproviding air services between the Region andother parts of the  People'sRepublic of China for airlines  incorporated  in the  Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region and having their principalplace of business in HongKong and other airlines of the People's Republicof China.

Article 132

All air service agreementsproviding air services between other  parts  ofthe People's Republic of China and other statesand regions with stops  atthe Hong Kong Special Administrative Region andair services  between theHong Kong Special Administrative Region andother states and regions withstops at other parts of the People's Republic ofChina shall be  concludedby the Central People's Government.In concluding  the  air  service agreements  referred  to  in the  firstparagraph of this Article, the  Central  People's Government  shall  takeaccount of the special conditions and economicinterests of the Hong  KongSpecial Administrative Region and consult thegovernment of the Region.Representatives of the Government of the HongKong Special  AdministrativeRegion may, as members  of  the delegations  of  the  Government of  thePeople's Republic of  China,  participate  in  air  service consultationsconducted by the Central  People's  Government with  foreign  governmentsconcerning arrangements  for  such services  referred  to  in the  firstparagraph of this Article.

Article 133

Acting under specificauthorizations from the Central People's Government,the Government of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region may:

(1) renew or amend air serviceagreements and arrangements previously  inforce;

(2) negotiate and conclude newair service agreements providing routes forairlines incorporated in the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative  Region andhaving their principal place of business in HongKong and providing rightsfor over-flights and technical stops;and

(3) negotiate and concludeprovisional arrangements with foreign states orregions with which no air service agreementshave been concluded.All scheduled air services to, from or throughHong  Kong,  which do  notoperate to, from or through the mainland ofChina shall  be regulated  bythe air service agreements or provisionalarrangements referred to in thisArticle.

Article 134

The Central People's Governmentshall give the Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region the authorityto:

(1)  negotiate  and conclude  with  other  authorities  all  arrangementsconcerning  the  implementation  of the  air   service   agreements   andprovisional arrangements referred to in Article133 of this Law;

(2) issue licences toairlines  incorporated  in  the  Hong  Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region and having their principalplace of business in HongKong;

(3)  designate  such airlines  under  the  air service  agreements   andprovisional arrangements referred to in Article133 of this Law; and

(4) issue permits to foreignairlines for services other than  those  to,from or through the mainland of China.

Article 135

Airlines incorporated and havingtheir principal place of business in HongKong and businesses related to civil aviationfunctioning there  prior tothe establishment of the  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Region  maycontinue to operate.

    Chapter VI Education, Science, Culture,Sports,  Religion, Labour and Social Services

Article 136

On the basis of the previouseducational system,  the Government  of  theHong Kong Special Administrative  Region  shall, on  its  own,  formulatepolicies on  the  development  and improvement  of  education,  includingpolicies regarding the educational  system  and its  administration,  thelanguage of instruction, the allocation offunds, the examination  system,the system  of  academic  awards and  the  recognition  of  educationalqualifications.   Community  organizations  and   individuals  may,   inaccordance with law, run educationalundertakings of various kinds in theHong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion.

Article 137

Educational institutions of allkinds may retain their autonomy and enjoyacademic freedom. They may continueto  recruit  staff and  use  teachingmaterials from outside the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region.Schools run by religious organizations maycontinue to  provide religiouseducation, including courses inreligion.  Students shall enjoy freedom ofchoice of educational institutions and freedomto pursue  their educationoutside the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion.

Article 138

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative  Region shall,  onits own, formulate policies todevelop  Western and  traditional  Chinesemedicine  and  to  improve medical   and   health   services.   Communityorganizations and individuals  may  provide various  medical  and  healthservices in accordance with law.

Article 139

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative  Region shall,  onits own, formulate policies on science andtechnology and protect  by lawachievements  in   scientific  and   technological  research,   patents,discoveries and inventions.  The  Government of  the  Hong  Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall, on itsown,  decide  on the  scientific  andtechnological standards and specificationsapplicable in Hong Kong.

Article 140

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative  Region shall,  onits own, formulate policies on culture andprotect by law the achievementsand the lawful rights and interests  of  authors in  their  literary  andartistic creation.

Article 141

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative  Region shall  notrestrict the freedom  of  religious belief,  interfere  in  the internalaffairs of religious organizations or restrictreligious activities  whichdo not contravene the laws of the Region.Religious organizations shall, in accordancewith law, enjoy the rights toacquire, use, dispose of and inherit propertyand  the  right to  receivefinancial assistance. Their previous propertyrights and  interests shallbe maintained and protected.  Religiousorganizations  may, according  totheir previous practice, continue torun  seminaries  and other  schools,hospitals and welfare institutions and toprovide other social services.Religious  organizations  and  believers in   the   Hong   Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region  may  maintain and  develop  their  relations withreligious organizations and believerselsewhere.

Article 142

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative  Region shall,  onthe basis of maintaining the previous systemsconcerning the  professions,formulate provisions on its  own  for assessing  the  qualifications  forpractice  in  the   various   professions.  Persons   with   professionalqualifications or qualifications forprofessional practice obtained priorto the establishment of the Hong KongSpecial  Administrative  Region  mayretain their previous  qualifications  in accordance  with  the  relevantregulations and codes of practice.The Government of  the  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Region  shallcontinue to recognize the professions andthe  professional  organizationsrecognized  prior  to  the establishment  of  the  Region,   and   theseorganizations  may,  on  their own,  assess   and   confer   professionalqualifications.The Government of the Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region  may,  asrequired by developments in society and inconsultation with  the partiesconcerned, recognize new professions andprofessional organizations.

Article 143

The Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region  shall,  onits own,  formulate   policies   on  sports.   Non-governmental  sportsorganizations may continue to exist and developin accordance with law.

Article 144

The Government of  the  Hong Kong  Special  Administrative  Region shallmaintain the policy previously  practised  in Hong  Kong  in  respect ofsubventions  for  non-governmental organizations  in   fields   such   aseducation, medicine and health, culture, art,recreation,  sports, socialwelfare and social work. Staffmembers  previously serving  in  subventedorganizations in Hong Kong may remain intheir  employment in  accordancewith the previous system.

Article 145

On the basis of the previoussocial welfare system, the Government of  theHong Kong Special Administrative  Region  shall, on  its  own,  formulatepolicies on the development and improvement ofthis system in the light ofthe economic conditions and socialneeds.

Article 146

Voluntary organizationsproviding social services in the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region may, on their own, decidetheir  forms of  service,provided that the law is notcontravened.

Article 147

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region shall on  its  own  formulatelaws and policies relating to labour.

Article 148

The relationship betweennon-governmental organizations in fields such  aseducation, science, technology,culture,  art, sports,  the  professions,medicine and health, labour, social welfare andsocial  work as  well  asreligious organizations in the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region andtheir counterparts on the mainland shall bebased  on the  principles  ofnon-subordination, non-interference and mutualrespect.

Article 149

Non-governmentalorganizations  in fields  such  as  education, science,technology, culture, art, sports, theprofessions,  medicine and  health,labour, social welfare and social work as wellas religious  organizationsin the Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionmay  maintain  and developrelations with their counterparts inforeign  countries and  regions  andwith relevant international organizations. Theymay, as required, use  thename "Hong Kong, China" in the relevantactivities.

    Chapter VII External Affairs

Article 150

Representatives of theGovernment of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion may, as members of delegations of theGovernment  of the  People'sRepublic of China, participate innegotiations  at the  diplomatic  leveldirectly  affecting  the  Region conducted  by   the   Central   People'sGovernment.

Article 151

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region may on its own, using the name"Hong Kong, China",  maintain  and develop  relations  and  conclude andimplement  agreements  with  foreign states  and  regions  and  relevantinternational organizations  in  the appropriate  fields,  including  theeconomic,  trade,  financial  and monetary,   shipping,   communications,tourism, cultural and sports fields.

Article 152

Representatives of theGovernment of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion may, as members of delegations of thePeople's Republic  of China,participate in international organizations orconferences  in appropriatefields limited to states and affecting theRegion, or may attend  in suchother capacity as may be permitted by theCentral People's Government andthe international organization or conferenceconcerned,  and may  expresstheir views, using the name "Hong Kong,China".The Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion  may, using  the  name  "HongKong, China", participate in internationalorganizations  and conferencesnot limited to states. The Central  People's  Government shall  take  thenecessary steps to ensure that the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Regionshall continue to retain its status in anappropriate  capacity in  thoseinternational organizations of which thePeople's Republic of China is  amember and in which Hong Kong participates inone capacity or another.The Central People's Governmentshall,  where necessary,  facilitate  thecontinued participation of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region  inan appropriate capacity in those internationalorganizations in which HongKong is a participant in  one  capacity or  another,  but  of which  thePeople's Republic of China is not amember.

Article 153

The  application  to the  Hong  Kong  Special Administrative  Region  ofinternational agreements to which the People'sRepublic  of China  is  orbecomes a party shall be decided by theCentral  People's Government,  inaccordance with the circumstancesand  needs  of the  Region,  and  afterseeking  the  views  of the  government  of  the Region.   Internationalagreements to which the People's Republic ofChina  is not  a  party  butwhich are implemented in Hong Kong may continueto be implemented  in theHong Kong Special Administrative Region. TheCentral  People's Governmentshall, as necessary, authorize or assist thegovernment of the  Region tomake appropriate arrangements for theapplication to the Region of  otherrelevant international agreements.

Article 154

The Central People's Governmentshall authorize the Government of the HongKong Special Administrative Region  to  issue, in  accordance  with  law,passports of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region of the  People'sRepublic of China to all Chinese  citizens  who hold  permanent  identitycards of the Region,  and  travel documents  of  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region of thePeople's  Republic of  China  to  all otherpersons lawfully residing in the Region. Theabove passports and documentsshall be valid for all states and regions andshall  record the  holder'sright to return to the Region. The Governmentof  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region may apply immigrationcontrols on entry  into, stayin and departure from the  Region  by persons  from  foreign  states andregions.

Article 155

The Central People's Governmentshall assist or authorize the  Governmentof the Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionto conclude visa  abolitionagreements with foreign states orregions.

Article 156

The Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region may, as necessary,  establishofficial or semi-official economic and trademissions in foreign countriesand shall report  the  establishment  of such  missions  to  the CentralPeople's Government for the record.

Article 157

The establishment of foreignconsular and other official or semi-officialmissions in the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion shall require  theapproval of the Central People'sGovernment.Consular and other official missions establishedin Hong  Kong by  stateswhich have formal diplomatic relations with thePeople's Republic of Chinamay be maintained.  According to thecircumstances of each case, consularand other official missions established in HongKong by states which  haveno formal diplomatic relations with the People'sRepublic of China may  bepermitted either to remain or be changed tosemi-official missions.States not recognized by the People's Republicof China may only establishnon-governmental institutions in theRegion.

    Chapter VIII Interpretation and Amendment of the BasicLaw

Article 158

The power of interpretation ofthis Law shall be vested in  the  StandingCommittee of the National People'sCongress.The Standing Committee of the National People'sCongress  shall authorizethe courts of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region to interpret ontheir own, in adjudicating cases, the provisionsof  this  Law which  arewithin the limits of the autonomy of theRegion.The courts of  the  Hong  Kong Special  Administrative  Region  may alsointerpret other provisions of this Law inadjudicating cases. However, ifthe courts of the Region, in adjudicatingcases,  need to  interpret  theprovisions of this Law concerning affairs whichare the responsibility  ofthe Central People's Government, orconcerning  the relationship  betweenthe Central Authorities and the Region, andif  such  interpretation  willaffect the judgments on the cases, the courts ofthe Region shall,  beforemaking  their  final  judgments which  are  not   appealable,   seek   aninterpretation of the relevant provisions fromthe Standing  Committee ofthe National People's Congress through the Courtof Final  Appeal of  theRegion. When  the  Standing  Committee  makes  an interpretation  of  theprovisions  concerned,  the  courts of  the  Region,  in applying  thoseprovisions, shall follow the interpretation ofthe Standing Committee.However, judgments previously rendered shall notbe affected.The Standing Committee of the National People'sCongress shall consult itsCommittee for the Basic Law of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Regionbefore giving an interpretation of thisLaw.

Article 159

The power of amendmentof  this  Law shall  be  vested  in the  Nationalpeople's Congress.  The power to propose billsfor amendments to this  Lawshall be vested  in  the  Standing Committee  of  the  National People'sCongress, the State Council  and  the Hong  Kong  Special  AdministrativeRegion. Amendment bills from the Hong KongSpecial  Administrative  Regionshall be submitted to the National People'sCongress by the delegation ofthe Region to the National People's Congressafter obtaining  the consentof two-thirds of the deputies of  the  Region to  the  National  People'sCongress, two-thirds of all the members of theLegislative Council of  theRegion, and the  Chief  Executive  of the  Region.   Before  a bill  foramendment to this Law is put  on  the agenda  of  the  National People'sCongress, the Committee for  the  Basic Law  of  the  Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region shall study it and submitits views.No amendment to this Law shall contravene theestablished  basic policiesof the People's Republic of China regarding HongKong.

    Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Article 160

Upon the establishment of theHong Kong Special Administrative Region, thelaws previously in force in Hong Kong shallbe  adopted  as laws  of  theRegion except for those which  the  Standing Committee  of  the  NationalPeople's Congress declares to be incontravention of this Law. If any lawsare later discovered to be in contravention ofthis  Law,  they shall  beamended or cease to  have  force in  accordance  with  the procedure  asprescribed by this Law.Documents, certificates, contracts, and rightsand obligations valid underthe laws previously in force in Hong Kong shallcontinue to be  valid andbe recognized and  protected  by  the Hong  Kong  Special  AdministrativeRegion, provided that they do not contravenethis Law.

Annex I:

Method for the Selection of theChief Executive of the Hong Kong  SpecialAdministrative Region

1. The ChiefExecutive  shall be  elected  by  a broadly  representativeElection Committee in accordance  with  this Law  and  appointed  by theCentral People's Government.

2. The Election Committeeshall  be composed  of  800  members from  thefollowing sectors:Industrial, commercial and financialsectors                          200The professions                                                       200Labour, social services, religious and othersectors                   200Members of the Legislative Council,representatives ofdistrict-based organizations, Hong Kong deputiestothe National People's Congress, andrepresentativesof Hong Kong members of the National Committeeofthe Chinese People's Political ConsultativeConference                 200The term of office of the Election Committeeshall be five years.

3. The delimitation of thevarious  sectors, the  organizations  in  eachsector eligible to return Election Committeemembers  and the  number  ofsuch members returned by each of theseorganizations shall  be prescribedby an electoral law enacted by the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Regionin accordance with the principles of democracyand openness.Corporate bodies in various sectors shall, ontheir own, elect members tothe Election Committee, in accordance with thenumber of  seats allocatedand the election method as prescribed by theelectoral law.Members  of  the  Election Committee  shall  vote  in their   individualcapacities.

4. Candidates for the office ofChief Executive may be nominated  jointlyby not less than 100 members of the ElectionCommittee.Each member may nominate only onecandidate.

5. The Election Committee shall,on the basis of  the list  of  nominees,elect  the   Chief   Executive   designate   by   secret   ballot   on   aone-person-one-vote  basis.  The specific  election   method   shall   beprescribed by the electoral law.

6. The first Chief Executiveshall be  selected in  accordance  with  the"Decision of the National People's Congress ofthe  People's  Republic ofChina on the Method for the Formationof  the  First Government  and  theFirst Legislative Council of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region".

7. If there is a  need  to amend  the  method  for selecting  the  ChiefExecutives for the terms subsequent to the year2007, such amendments mustbe made with the endorsement of a two-thirdsmajority of all  the membersof the Legislative Council and the consentof  the  Chief Executive,  andthey shall be reported to the Standing Committeeof the National  People'sCongress for approval.

Annex II:

Method for the Formation ofthe  Legislative  Council of  the  Hong  KongSpecial    Administrative   Region    and    Its    Voting     ProceduresI.   Method   for   the  formation    of    the    Legislative    Council

1. The Legislative Council ofthe Hong Kong Special Administrative  Regionshall be composed of 60 members ineach  term.  In the  first  term,  theLegislative Council shall be formed inaccordance with  the "Decision  ofthe National People's Congress of the People'sRepublic of  China on  theMethod for the Formation of the First Governmentand the First LegislativeCouncil of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion".  The compositionof the Legislative Council in thesecond  and third  terms  shall  be asfollows:

Second term

Members returned by functionalconstituencies                          30Members returned by the ElectionCommittee                              6Members returned by geographicalconstituenciesthrough direct elections                                               24

Third term

Members returned by functionalconstituencies                          30Members returned by geographicalconstituenciesthrough direct elections                                               30

2. Except in the  case  of the  first  Legislative  Council, the  above-mentioned Election Committee refers to the oneprovided for in Annex I ofthis Law.The division of geographicalconstituencies  and the  voting  method  fordirect elections therein;  the  delimitation  of  functional  sectors andcorporate bodies, their seat allocation andelection methods;and the method for electing membersof  the  Legislative  Council  by  theElection Committee shall be specified by anelectoral  law introduced  bythe Government of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region  and passedby the Legislative Council.

II. Procedures for voting onbills and motions in the Legislative  CouncilUnless otherwise provided for in this Law, theLegislative  Council shalladopt the following procedures for voting onbills and motions:The passage of bills introduced by thegovernment shall require at least asimple majority vote of the members of theLegislative Council present.The passage of motions, bills or amendments togovernment bills introducedby individual members of the Legislative Councilshall  require a  simplemajority vote of each of  the  two groups  of  members  present: membersreturned by functional constituencies and thosereturned  by geographicalconstituencies through direct elections and bythe Election Committee.

III. Method for the formation ofthe Legislative Council and  its  votingprocedures subsequent to the year 2007With regard to the method for forming theLegislative Council of the HongKong Special Administrative Region and itsprocedures for voting on billsand motions after 2007, if there is a need toamend the provisions of thisAnnex, such amendments must be made with theendorsement of  a two-thirdsmajority of all the members of the Council andthe consent  of the  ChiefExecutive, and they shall be reported tothe  Standing  Committee of  theNational People's Congress for therecord.

Annex III:

National Laws to be Applied inthe Hong Kong special Administrative RegionThe following national laws shall be appliedlocally with  effect from  1July 1997 by way of promulgation or legislationby the Hong  Kong SpecialAdministrative Region:

1. Resolution on the Capital,Calendar, National Anthem and National  Flagof the People's Republic of China.

2. Resolution on the NationalDay of the People's Republic of China.

3. Order on  the  National Emblem  of  the  People's Republic  of  ChinaProclaimed by the Central People'sGovernment.Attached: Design of the national emblem notes ofexplanation andinstructions for use.

4. Declaration of the Governmentof the People's Republic of Chinaon the Territorial Sea.

5. Nationality Law of thePeople's Republic of China.

6. Regulations of the People'sRepublic of China Concerning DiplomaticPrivileges and Immunities.

The Design of the Regional Flagand  the Design of the Regional Emblem ofthe Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion  of the People's Republic ofChina see page 90 of this book.

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